ArticlePolymers2020
Enhanced Removal and Toxicity Declineof Diclofenac by Combining UVA Treatmentand Adsorption of Photoproductsto Polyvinylidene Difluoride.
Article in Polymers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Naproxen as an emerging environmental contaminant: Microbial degradation mechanism and optimization strategies.Biodegradation · 2026Review
- Investigations of Diclofenac Sorption on Intact and ModifiedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immobilization of BiGlobal challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2024Article
- Adsorption of Diclofenac and Its UV Phototransformation Products in an Aqueous Solution on PVDF: A Molecular Modeling Study.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The occurrence of micropollutants in the environment is an emerging issue. Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in the environment worldwide. Diclofenac is transformed by UVA light into different products with higher toxicity. The absorbance of the transformation products overlaps with the absorbance of diclofenac itself and inhibits the ongoing photoreaction. By adding polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), the products adsorb to the surface of PVDF. Therefore, phototransformation of diclofenac and total organic carbon (TOC) removal is enhanced and the toxicity decreased. At 15 min and 18 h of UVA treatment, removal of diclofenac and TOC increases from 56% to 65% and 18% to 54%, respectively, when PVDF is present. The toxicity of a UVA treated (18 h) diclofenac solution doubles (from 5 to 10, expressed in toxicity units, TU), while no toxicity was detectable when PVDF is present during UVA treatment (TU = 0). PVDF does not need to be irradiated itself but must be present during photoreaction. The adsorbent can be reused by washing with water or ethanol. Diclofenac (25 mg L
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