ReviewAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Use of IgM Antibodies.
Review in Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic literature review of immunoglobulin trends for anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Pooled it
- IgM promotes antitumor immunity to a Tn-expressing solid tumor.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Standardizing pre-existing anti-PEG antibody detection: A key to clarifying their binding features and clinical relevance.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Genetic evidence suggests a protective role of immunoglobulin M in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Flavivirus Infections: From Fc Receptor Signaling to Vaccine and Therapeutic Design.Viruses · 2026Review
- Research Advances and Biological Features of IgA for Immune-Related Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Salivary IgA and dentine caries in relation to physical activity and fitness: A cohort-based cross-sectional study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Reconstruction of the Flexible IgM Fc Core Using Atomic Force Microscopy Topography and the AFM-Assembly Pipeline.Journal of molecular recognition : JMR · 2026Article
- Fluorinated carbohydrate-based vaccines.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Serum Albumin, Globulin and Albumin-Globulin Ratios as Biomarkers of Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Pneumonia.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Dietary curcumin supplementation impacts on growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Immunoinformatics-driven design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Seoul Virus: Structural, dynamic, and immunogenic profiling.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Low IgM Levels in Adult IEI: Classification Challenges and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Characterization of high affinity IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies against norovirus variants GII.4 and GII.17.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Enhancing red blood cell compatibility: in vitro hemagglutination prevention using a trispecific triabody as a blocking fragment for blood group antigens.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Article
- Article
- The fc fragment of IgMs binds C1q to activate the first step of the classical complement pathway, while inhibiting complement-dependent cytotoxicity.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- Modes of (Inter)Actions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulins: Nonclinical and Clinical Research in Severe Bacterial Infections.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Enhancing the sensitivity of nanobodies through covalent and non-covalent polymerization.RSC advances · 2026Article
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies are pentameric or hexameric macro-immunoglobulins and have been highly conserved during evolution. IgMs are initially expressed during B cell ontogeny and are the first antibodies secreted following exposure to foreign antigens. The IgM multimer has either 10 (pentamer) or 12 (hexamer) antigen binding domains consisting of paired µ heavy chains with four constant domains, each with a single variable domain, paired with a corresponding light chain. Although the antigen binding affinities of natural IgM antibodies are typically lower than IgG, their polyvalency allows for high avidity binding and efficient engagement of complement to induce complement-dependent cell lysis. The high avidity of IgM antibodies renders them particularly efficient at binding antigens present at low levels, and non-protein antigens, for example, carbohydrates or lipids present on microbial surfaces. Pentameric IgM antibodies also contain a joining (J) chain that stabilizes the pentameric structure and enables binding to several receptors. One such receptor, the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), is responsible for transcytosis from the vasculature to the mucosal surfaces of the lung and gastrointestinal tract. Several naturally occurring IgM antibodies have been explored as therapeutics in clinical trials, and a new class of molecules, engineered IgM antibodies with enhanced binding and/or additional functional properties are being evaluated in humans. Here, we review the considerable progress that has been made regarding the understanding of biology, structure, function, manufacturing, and therapeutic potential of IgM antibodies since their discovery more than 80 years ago.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.