ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2021
Epstein-Barr virus infection after adolescence and human herpesvirus 6A as risk factors for multiple sclerosis.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Equity in protection: bridging global data gaps for an EBV vaccine-a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Multiple Sclerosis and Viruses: « Liaisons Dangereuses ».Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Viral associations in multiple sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review on Prevention and the Concept of an Infection-Driven Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Antigen-Specific Inverse Vaccination Strategies Using Particle Systems for Multiple Sclerosis.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Review
- Human herpesvirus 7 and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Seropositivity against rubella virus envelope protein 1, but not 2, is associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- A unifying model for multiple sclerosis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Genetics of immune response to Epstein-Barr virus: prospects for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Rubella virus seropositivity after infection or vaccination as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Epstein-Barr Viruses: Their Immune Evasion Strategies and Implications for Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Seroreactivity against lytic, latent and possible cross-reactive EBV antigens appears on average 10 years before MS induced preclinical neuroaxonal damage.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2024Article
- Viral Infections, Are They a Trigger and Risk Factor of Alzheimer's Disease?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Time trends in herpesvirus seroepidemiology among Swedish adults.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Insights into the interplay between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS): A state-of-the-art review and implications for vaccine development.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Human herpesvirus 6A and axonal injury before the clinical onset of multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Smouldering Lesion in MS: Microglia, Lymphocytes and Pathobiochemical Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Role of Microorganisms in the Etiopathogenesis of Demyelinating Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Association of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERV) with Multiple Sclerosis in Northwest of Iran.International journal of inflammation · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeInfections with human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) development. For EBV, late infection has been proposed as a risk factor, but serological support is lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate how age affects the EBV and HHV-6A associated risks of developing MS.
methodsIn this nested case-control study, Swedish biobanks were accessed to find pre-symptomatically collected blood samples from 670 individuals who later developed relapsing MS and 670 matched controls. A bead-based multiplex assay was used to determine serological response against EBV and HHV-6A. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
resultsSeropositivity against EBV exhibited a pattern where associations switched from a decreased risk of developing MS in the group below 20 years of age to an increased risk amongst individuals aged 20-29 and 30-39 years (p for trend 0.020). The age of transition was estimated to be 18.8 years. In contrast, HHV-6A was associated with increased MS risk in all age groups (total cohort odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.6-2.7).
conclusionsThis study suggests EBV infection after adolescence and age independent HHV-6A infection as risk factors for MS.
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