ReviewTranslational oncology2021
Combination therapy: Future directions of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer.
Review in Translational oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Updated Bayesian network meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of PD-1 versus PD-L1 inhibitors in first-line treatment with chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis based on mixed-effect models.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- IAR025, a novel anti-DLL3 x CD3-bispecific antibody, displays high antitumor efficacy in preclinical models of small-cell lung cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Defining the tumor microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Tumor immunology: unraveling the complex interaction between tumors and the immune system: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- [Advances in Radiotherapy for Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Era of Immunotherapy].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
- Simultaneous immunomodulation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives lung adenocarcinoma progression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Etoposide as a Key Therapeutic Agent in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Emerging Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Novel strategies to overcome tumor immunotherapy resistance using CAR NK cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy confers modest survival benefit in patients with small cell lung cancer and brain metastases: a retrospective analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer: the current state and future trajectories.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Dual blockade immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in lung cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Pediatric Cancers: Is It Still a Stalemate?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Long-term, 13-year survival after immune cell therapy combined with chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- EnhancedResearch in pharmaceutical sciences · 2023Article
- Immunotherapeutics in lung cancers: from mechanistic insight to clinical implications and synergistic perspectives.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Combined Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies for Cancer Treatment: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.Current cancer drug targets · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive and devastating malignancy, is characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. Although most patients respond to first-line chemotherapy, the majority of patients rapidly relapse and have a relatively poor prognosis. Fortunately, immunotherapy, mainly including antibodies that target the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), checkpoints programmed death-1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to block immune regulatory checkpoints on tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts cells and endothelial cells, has achieved the milestone in several solid tumors, such as melanoma and non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). In recent years, immunotherapy has made progress in the treatment of patients with SCLC, while its response rate is relatively low to monotherapy. Interestingly, the combination of immunotherapy with other therapy, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, preliminarily achieve greater therapeutic effects for treating SCLC. Combining different immunotherapy drugs may act synergistically because of the complementary effects of the two immune checkpoint pathways (CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways). The incorporation of chemoradiotherapy in immunotherapy may augment antitumor immune responses because chemoradiotherapy can enhance tumor cell immunogenicity by rapidly inducing tumor lysis and releasing tumor antigens. In addition, since immunotherapy drugs and the molecular targets drugs act on different targets and cells, the combination of these drugs may achieve greater therapeutic effects in the treatment of SCLC. In this review, we focused on the completed and ongoing trials of the combination therapy for immunotherapy of SCLC to find out the rational combination strategies which may improve the outcomes for SCLC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.