Observational studyAmerican journal of ophthalmology2021
Indoor Airborne Microbial Concentration and Dry Eye.
Observational study in American journal of ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between air pollutant exposure and ocular surface, anterior and middle segment and fundus eye diseases: epidemiological and mechanism evidence.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Environmental Drivers of Dry Eye Disease: A Narrative Review of Pollutants, Climate, and Indoor Exposures with Practice Recommendations.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Monthly variations and climatic factors on acute primary angle-closure admissions: a 5-year retrospective hospital-based study in Shenzhen, China.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The environment and dry eye-manifestations, mechanisms, and more.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Review
- Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs in US Veterans With Gulf War Illness.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Sleep Quality Is Associated With Severe Meibomian Gland Disruption in Dry Eye.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Impact of Air Pollution and Weather on Dry Eye.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Assessing the 3 pillars of housing for eye and vision health outcomes: A scoping review.Survey of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine associations between indoor airborne microbial concentration and dry eye (DE) measures.
designProspective, observational, cross-sectional study.
methodsA total of 157 individuals with normal external ocular anatomy were recruited from the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic. Subjects underwent a clinical evaluation that included assessment of DE symptoms and signs. Indoor air was sampled using bioaerosol impactors with nutrient and soy media, and samples were incubated for 48 hours at 37 C with 5% CO
resultsA total of 157 unique subjects participated in home and clinical visits and of these, 93 completed a 6-month follow-up of home and clinical visits. Older homes were found to have higher CFU compared to newer homes. A 1% increase in humidity was associated with a 3% increase in nutrient CFU (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01 to 0.04; P < .001). Instrumented CFU significantly associated with 2 DE measures: corneal epithelial disruption and lower eyelid meibomian gland (MG) dropout, adjusted for age and sex (odds ratio [OR] = 28.07, 95% CI =1.8, 443.8, P < .05; OR = 39.6, CI = 1.8, 875.2, P < .05 for soy, respectively). After adjusting for other confounders, CFU and age remained significantly associated with MG dropout. Other DE measures did not significantly associate with CFU.
conclusionsIndividuals with higher CFU counts in the home had more severe MG dropout, after adjusting for age and other confounders. This finding suggests that home CFU exposure may impact MG dropout, one of the DE measures, and may be a target for intervention.
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