Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33064373›Full record

ArticlePediatric obesity2021

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications and BMI trajectories: The role of medication type, sex and age.

Matthew J Gurka, Siraj U Siddiqi, Stephanie L Filipp, Rebeccah Mercado, Lindsay A Thompson, David M Janicke, Elizabeth A Shenkman

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric obesity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Matthew J GurkaDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3371-4582
Siraj U SiddiqiDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Stephanie L FilippDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Rebeccah MercadoInstitute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Lindsay A ThompsonDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
David M JanickeDepartment of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Elizabeth A ShenkmanDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
University of Florida Health · USUniversity of Florida · US

Funding

The Child Health Quality (CHeQ) Partnership ProgramU18HS025298 · AHRQ · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI SHENKMAN, ELIZABETH A. · 2016 to 2019
$2.6M
AHRQ HHS U18 HS025298AHRQ HHS U18HS025298
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the medications used to treat it are associated with obesity. Stimulants lead to weight loss, while antipsychotics and antidepressants lead to weight gain. Little is known, however, how alpha-2-agonists impact weight, or the independent effect on BMI of these four classes of medications, which are often prescribed concurrently. We aimed to estimate the proximal change in BMI associated with start of medication and to assess whether medication-specific departures in BMI varied by age and sex. STUDY

designWe analysed longitudinal electronic health records from children (4-19 years) with an ADHD diagnosis seen at one healthcare system (2011-2018). Their BMI z-scores were fit as a cubic function of age via a mixed model, separately by sex and adjusting for race/ethnicity. From this model, we estimated annual changes in BMI-z after medication, allowing changes to vary by age and sex.

resultsAmong the 22 714 children with ADHD (mean initial age = 10.0), 4335 (19.1%) were never prescribed ADHD medication. The others (80.9%) experienced departures in BMI-z after start of all four medication classes, which varied across age and sex (interaction P-values < .01). All medications had larger impacts at younger ages. As expected, decreased BMI-z was observed with stimulants, while antidepressants and antipsychotics led to BMI-z increases; alpha-agonists also were associated with BMI-z increases.

conclusionsThis longitudinal study revealed that ADHD medications are independently associated with proximal changes in BMI-z after initiation, significantly varying by sex and age. Future research should study further the interactions of these medications on long-term impacts on obesity.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCentral Nervous System StimulantsBody Mass IndexChildFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleObesityCentral Nervous System StimulantsADHDADHD medicationsadolescenceobesityweight gain

Identifiers

PMID33064373
PMCPMC8276278
OpenAlexW3092964977

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.