Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33064180›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2021

Depression as a risk factor for dementia in older people with type 2 diabetes and the mediating effect of inflammation.

Alistair L Carr, Anniek J Sluiman, Sheila M Grecian, Rachel Forster, Stela McLachlan, Mark W J Strachan, Jackie F Price

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Alistair L CarrUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. alistair.carr@nhs.net.ORCID 0000-0002-3497-1943
Anniek J SluimanUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3633-2643
Sheila M GrecianUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1600-559X
Rachel ForsterUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Stela McLachlanUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0480-6143
Mark W J StrachanMetabolic Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Jackie F PriceUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3251-3970
University of Edinburgh · GBWestern General Hospital · GB

Funding

Chief Scientist Office CZQ/1/38Diabetes UK 10/0003985Medical Research Council G0500877
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisWe aimed to determine the association of depression with dementia risk in people with type 2 diabetes, and to explore the possible mediating role of inflammation in this relationship.

methodsThe Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study is a prospective cohort of 1066 men and women with type 2 diabetes aged 60-75 years. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to investigate the association between depression, assessed at baseline, and subsequent risk of dementia over 10 years. Depression was defined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, while incident dementia was defined using medical records, prescription data and death certificates. The potential mediating effect of systemic inflammation was assessed by adjusting models for a generalised inflammation factor, derived from four inflammatory markers measured at baseline (C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α and fibrinogen), and carrying out an exploratory mediation analysis.

resultsDementia developed in 105 participants over a median follow-up of 10.6 years. After adjusting for age and sex, depression was associated with over a 2.5-fold increase in risk of dementia (HR 2.59 [95% CI 1.62, 4.15]). Additional adjustment for the generalised inflammation factor and other covariates did not attenuate the size of association between depression and incident dementia and mediation analysis showed that it was not a mediator. Adjusted logistic regression models showed cross-sectional associations of C-reactive protein and IL-6 with depression. CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationDepression is an important risk factor for dementia in people with type 2 diabetes. Some inflammatory markers were associated with depression, but systemic inflammation does not appear to mediate the relationship between depression and dementia. Graphical abstract.

Indexed as

AgedC-Reactive ProteinDementiaDepressive DisorderDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleFibrinogenHumansInflammationInterleukin-6MaleMediation AnalysisMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaC-Reactive ProteinFibrinogenInterleukin-6Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCognitionDementiaDepressionInflammationOlder adultsProspectiveType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID33064180
PMCPMC7801357
OpenAlexW3093257514

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.