SynthesisContact dermatitis2021
How irritant are n-propanol and isopropanol? - A systematic review.
Synthesis in Contact dermatitis, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- How irritant are n-propanol and isopropanol? - A systematic review.Contact dermatitis · 2021Pooled it
- The Effect of Alcohol-Based Virucidal Hand Sanitizers on Skin Barrier Function-A Randomised Experimental Study.Contact dermatitis · 2025Trial
- Acceptability of an alcohol-based handrub gel with superfatting agents among healthcare workers: a randomized crossover controlled study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Trial
- Capacitive Biosensing of Skin Irritants Using a Lanolin-Based Artificial Stratum Corneum Model.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Development of the active ingredient composition of hand antiseptics in Germany from 2004 to 2022 with special consideration of ethanol as active agent.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Beyond quaternary ammonium compounds: Evaluating the harms of non-QAC disinfectant agents in healthcare and industry.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Review
- Harnessing Halogenated Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for Alcohol Vapor Adsorption.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Physico-Chemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ozonated Oils: The Case Study of Commercial Ozonated Olive and Sunflower Seed Refined Oils.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- S2k-Guideline hand antisepsis and hand hygiene.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Article
- Investigation of biocidal efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in public, private and workplaces during the pandemic event of SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Improving Recovery of Irritant Hand Dermatitis in Healthcare Workers With Workplace Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Spectroscopic methods for assessment of hand sanitizers.Chemicke zvesti · 2022Article
- Current systematic reviews and meta-analyses of COVID-19.World journal of virology · 2021Article
- Contact leukoderma following irritant contact dermatitis to an isopropanol-based hand rub: A consequence of rigorous hand hygiene.Contact dermatitis · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe use of alcoholic-based hand rubs (ABHRs) is an important tool for hand hygiene, especially in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Possible irritant effects of ABHR may prevent their use by persons at risk of infection.
methodsThis systematic review is based on a PubMed search of articles published between January 2000 and September 2019 in English and German, and a manual search, related to the irritation potential of alcohol-based disinfectants restricted to n-propanol (1-propanol) and its structural isomer isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol).
resultsThe majority of the included studies show a low irritation potential of n-propanol alone. However, recent studies provide evidence for significant barrier damage effects of repeated exposure to 60% n-propanol in healthy, as well as atopic skin in vivo. The synergistic response of combined irritants, (ie, a combination of n-propanol or isopropanol with detergents such as sodium lauryl sulfate) is greater, compared with a quantitatively identical application of the same irritant alone.
conclusionWhile recent studies indicate a higher risk of skin irritation for n-propanol and isopropanol than reported in the past, this risk still seems to be lower than that for frequent handwashing with detergents, as recommended by some to prevent COVID-19 infections.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.