Trial reportJournal of health communication2020
Impact of Graphic Warning Messages on Intentions to Use Alternate Tobacco Products.
Trial report in Journal of health communication, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identifying Promising Message Themes for Youth Who Use Multiple Tobacco Products.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Trial
- Exploring the Potential for Graphic Warning Labels to Reduce Intentions to Consume Energy Drinks.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025Trial
- Examining the Longitudinal Relationship Between Perceived and Actual Message Effectiveness: A Randomized Trial.Health communication · 2024Trial
- The Impact of The Real Cost Vaping and Smoking Ads across Tobacco Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Impact of Simple Versus Complex Cannabis Advertising Messages and Warnings on US Young Adults' Product Perceptions.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Assessing Attention to Tobacco Warnings With a Heatmapping Task.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Motivation to quit tobacco; Impact of different types of Anti-tobacco state-sponsored media propaganda messages.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Multiple Tobacco Product Use Conceptual Framework: A 2021 Update on Evidence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Review
- Harm Perceptions and Beliefs about Potential Modified Risk Tobacco Products.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Perceived Message Effectiveness Meets the Requirements of a Reliable, Valid, and Efficient Measure of Persuasiveness.The Journal of communication · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Graphic cigarette warnings increase quit attempts. Perceived message effectiveness and message avoidance are predictive of later quit attempts. We sought to examine whether randomized exposure to warning messages would inadvertently increase intentions to use alternate tobacco products while enhancing attempts to quit cigarettes. An online survey of 1392 adult smokers in the US asked participants to rate six randomly selected tobacco warnings (from a set of 319) on perceived effectiveness and avoidance intentions. These two indicators of message effectiveness were calculated at the message-level and then at the individual campaign-level to facilitate causal inference. After viewing a message campaign of six warning messages, participants indicated their intentions to use alternate tobacco products. Sixty-eight percent of participants reported some intention to use e-cigarettes and intentions to use other alternate tobacco products ranged from 31% to 40%. Campaigns of messages eliciting higher avoidance increased the odds of intending to use hookah (aOR: 4.32), smokeless tobacco (aOR: 4.88), and snus (aOR: 8.06), but not the intention to use electronic cigarettes. These relationships are mediated by intentions to quit smoking (all
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.