Observational studyJournal of general internal medicine2021
Association Between Statins and Cancer Incidence in Diabetes: a Cohort Study of Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Observational study in Journal of general internal medicine, 2021. The graph read 2 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. It also reports 2 associations that do not count as treatment evidence, such as HR 0.67 (0.49 to 0.90) for all-cause mortality. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
Statin use was associated with significantly reduced cancer incidence and mortality after adjustment for confounding factors (cancer incidence: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.90, P = 0.007; cancer mortality: adjusted HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-0.98, P = 0.04).
Statin use was associated with significantly reduced cancer incidence and mortality after adjustment for confounding factors (cancer incidence: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.90, P = 0.007; cancer mortality: adjusted HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-0.98, P = 0.04).
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Statins×all-cause mortality
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →13 readable studies in this cell: 4 favour the treatment, 8 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Statins×adverse events & safety
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →11 readable studies in this cell: 3 favour the treatment, 7 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effect of Statins on the Incidence and Prognosis of Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Pooled it
- Mutant p53, the Mevalonate Pathway and the Tumor Microenvironment Regulate Tumor Response to Statin Therapy.Cancers · 2022Review
- Article
- Statin Therapy for Hyperlipidemic Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on 925,418 Adults in Taiwan.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer: Epidemiology, Physiopathology and Prevention.Biomedicines · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
backgroundThe antitumor effect of statins has been highlighted, but clinical study results remain inconclusive. While patients with diabetes are at high risk of cancer, it is uncertain whether statins are effective for cancer chemoprevention in this population.
objectiveThis study evaluated the association between statins and cancer incidence/mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
designThis study was a follow-up observational study of the Japanese Primary Prevention of Atherosclerosis with Aspirin for Diabetes (JPAD) trial, which was a randomized controlled trial of low-dose aspirin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
participantsThis study enrolled 2536 patients with type 2 diabetes, age 30-85 years, and no history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, from December 2002 until May 2005. All participants recruited in the JPAD trial were followed until the day of any fatal event or July 2015. We defined participants taking any statin at enrollment as the statin group (n = 650) and the remainder as the no-statin group (n = 1886). MAIN MEASURES: The primary end point was the first occurrence of any cancer (cancer incidence). The secondary end point was death from any cancer (cancer mortality). KEY
resultsDuring follow-up (median, 10.7 years), 318 participants developed a new cancer and 123 died as a result. Cancer incidence and mortality were 10.5 and 3.7 per 1000 person-years in the statin group, and 16.8 and 6.3 per 1000 person-years in the no-statin group, respectively. Statin use was associated with significantly reduced cancer incidence and mortality after adjustment for confounding factors (cancer incidence: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.90, P = 0.007; cancer mortality: adjusted HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-0.98, P = 0.04).
conclusionsStatin use was associated with a reduced incidence and mortality of cancer in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.