Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33061721›Full record

ReviewRisk management and healthcare policy2020

Implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Ghana: Lessons for South Africa and Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Christmal Dela Christmals, Kizito Aidam

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Risk management and healthcare policy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  12. National Health Insurance - knowledge, attitude and perceptions of speech-language therapists.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025
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  15. Challenges and Opportunities of Universal Health Coverage in Africa: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Christmal Dela ChristmalsResearch on the Health Workforce for Equity and Quality, Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-1811-0008
Kizito AidamDepartment of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.ORCID 0000-0001-9464-770X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSouth Africa is having difficulties in rolling out the National Health Insurance(NHI) policy. There are ongoing arguments on whether the NHI will provide access to quality and equitable healthcare it is intended to and whether South Africa is ready to implement the policy. Many stakeholders believe the country needs more preparation if the policy will be successful. Ghana, on the other hand, has successfully implemented the National Health Insurance Scheme(NHIS) for over 15 years.

objectiveThis paper sought to explore the implementation of the NHIS in Ghana and the lessons South Africa and other low- and middle-income countries can learn from such a process.

methodsA scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Brigs Institute's System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (SUMARI) and Mendeley reference manager to manage the review process. Journal articles published on the NHIS in Ghana from January 2003 to December 2018 were searched from Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Medline using the keywords: Ghana, Health, and Insurance.

resultsThe implementation of the NHIS has provided access to healthcare for the Ghanaian population, especially to poor and vulnerable . Despite the successful implementation of the NHIS in Ghana, the scheme is challenged with poor coverage; poor quality of care; corruption and ineffective governance; poor stakeholder participation; lack of clarity on concepts in the policy; intense political influence; and poor financing.

conclusionThe marked inequity in the South African health system makes the implementation of the NHI inevitable. The challenges experienced in the implementation of the NHIS in Ghana are not new to the South African healthcare system. South Africa must learn from the experiences of Ghana,a context that shares common socio-cultural and economic factors and disease burden,in order to successfully implement the NHI.

Indexed as

Ghanalower-middle income countriesnational health insuranceSouth Africasub-Saharan Africauniversal health coverage

Identifiers

PMID33061721
PMCPMC7537808

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.