Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33061221›Full record

ArticleVeterinary world2020

Production, immunogenicity, stability, and safety of a vaccine against

Mohamed J Saadh, Issam J Sa'adeh, Moeen F Dababneh, Ammar M Almaaytah, Mohammad F Bayan

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary world, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.1field-weighted citation impact, top 45% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. AnFrontiers in immunology · 2024
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Mohamed J SaadhDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan.
Issam J Sa'adehDepartment of Radiology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Moeen F DababnehDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan.
Ammar M AlmaaytahDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan.
Mohammad F BayanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.
Middle East University · JOJordan University of Science and Technology · JOKing Abdulaziz Medical City · SAPhiladelphia University · JO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimThe beta toxin is causing the most severe MATERIALS AND

methodsThe crude toxoid harvest contained 710 limits of flocculation (Lf)/mL. The vaccine was formulated. Each 1 mL of the final vaccine product contained at least 50 Lf/mL of beta toxoids, 0.2 mL 3% aluminum hydroxide gel (equivalent to 5.18 mg of aluminum), <0.001% W/V thiomersal, formaldehyde <0.05% W/V, and ~0.7 mL phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2). The efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated by potency, stability, and safety tests.

resultsThe vaccine demonstrated 24.36 IU/mL (standard deviation, ±0.56) and 14.74 IU/mL (±0.36) of neutralizing antibodies in rabbits and cattle, respectively. Indeed, these levels were above the minimum recommended by international protocols since the obtained antibody levels had 2.43- and 1.47-fold increase in both rabbits and cattle, respectively, over the minimum antitoxin level suggested by the United States Department of Agriculture. Interestingly, our formulation was capable of inducing 1.65-fold higher immune responses in rabbits than that stimulated in cattle (65% increase) with a significant difference (p<0.0001). The vaccine was stable up to 30 months. The vaccinated rabbits were suffered from a temporarily slight increase in temperatures in the first 10 h without any significant difference (p>0.05).

conclusionThe research showed a procedure for the manufacturing process of the vaccine against

Indexed as

beta toxincattleClostridium perfringens type Cpotencysafetystabilitytoxoid

Identifiers

PMID33061221
PMCPMC7522943
OpenAlexW3047715427

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.