ArticleVeterinary research2020
Type 3 immunity: a perspective for the defense of the mammary gland against infections.
Article in Veterinary research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel Liposomal Adjuvants Enhance the Immune Response to RecombinantVeterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- Mastitis-related Staphylococcus aureus-derived extracellular vesicles induce a pro-inflammatory response in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Type 3 immune response protects againstEmerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Review
- In Situ Expression of YakVeterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Different Immune Control of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Mammary Infections in Dairy Cows.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Immunological composition of human milk before and during subclinical and clinical mastitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Investigation of immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of shed snake skin (Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Transcriptome-wide mapping of milk somatic cells upon subclinical mastitis infection in dairy cattle.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Article
- Oxidative Stress Induced by High Salt Diet-Possible Implications for Development and Clinical Manifestation of Cutaneous Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction inAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Progress towards the Elusive Mastitis Vaccines.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Mammary Gland of Dairy Ruminants.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Immune defenses of the mammary gland epithelium of dairy ruminants.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 3 immunity encompasses innate and adaptive immune responses mediated by cells that produce the signature cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F. This class of effector immunity is particularly adept at controlling infections by pyogenic extracellular bacteria at epithelial barriers. Since mastitis results from infections by bacteria such as streptococci, staphylococci and coliform bacteria that cause neutrophilic inflammation, type 3 immunity can be expected to be mobilized at the mammary gland. In effect, the main defenses of this organ are provided by epithelial cells and neutrophils, which are the main terminal effectors of type 3 immunity. In addition to theoretical grounds, there is observational and experimental evidence that supports a role for type 3 immunity in the mammary gland, such as the production of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in milk and mammary tissue during infection, although their respective sources remain to be fully identified. Moreover, mouse mastitis models have shown a positive effect of IL-17A on the course of mastitis. A lot remains to be uncovered before we can safely harness type 3 immunity to reinforce mammary gland defenses through innate immune training or vaccination. However, this is a promising way to find new means of improving mammary gland defenses against infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.