ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021
The Structure of Executive Dysfunction in Depression and Anxiety.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of single-session therapy for adult common mental disorders: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Exercise Training on Executive Functioning in Adults with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Pooled it
- The Effectiveness and Mechanisms of Action of App-Based Interventions for Improving Mental Health and Workplace Well-Being: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2026Trial
- The effects of aerobic exercise on goal-directed attention and inhibitory control in individuals with high trait anxiety: an EEG study.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- A qualitative investigation of the lived experiences of adults with anxiety and related disorders and ADHD: Interconnectedness of symptoms and implications for improving care.The British journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
- Impact of multilingualism on cardiac autonomic activity, working memory and trait anxiety: a pilot study.Cognitive processing · 2026Article
- Predicting Post-School Outcomes in Autistic Young Adults One Year after High School Graduation.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Executive Functioning as a Pathway Between Social Skills and Psychopathology: The Moderating Role of Autism Diagnosis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Impairment of Executive Functions in Premenstrual Syndrome: State or Trait?Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Particular promotion of the intrauterine system to "vulnerable" adolescents: a qualitative exploration of hormonal contraceptive prescription practices.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Age-varying associations between parent-reported executive function and internalizing/externalizing problems in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: an integrative analysis of data from nine institutions.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2026Article
- Cyber-victimized and cognitively fogged? Cyberbullying victimization and executive function.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Differential impacts of parental attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on early maternal-infant attachment.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Comparative effects of various exercise interventions on anxiety and depression symptoms in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Associations Between Emotional Distress and Injury Occurrence in Physically Active Students.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in college students: the mediating role of fear of happiness.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Mediational Role of Executive Functions on Parental Style and Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Adolescents From Different Vulnerability Environments: A Cross-Sectional Study.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Stepping away from the scroll: a chain mediation model from physical exercise and adolescent short video addiction.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Association of nociplastic pain with executive function decline in a longitudinal cohort of middle-age adults: a prospective cohort study.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites and Executive Function Impairments in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case Control Study.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough research has demonstrated that depression and anxiety are associated with problematic executive function (EF), results are often inconsistent and underspecified. Delineating specific EF impairments in depression and anxiety has the potential to provide a mechanistic account of symptom presentation and course in these highly co-occurring disorders. The present study evaluated associations between components of EF and symptom dimensions of depression (depressed mood) and anxiety (anxious apprehension, anxious arousal) using factor analyses and structural equation modeling.
methodsUndergraduates (N = 1,123) completed self-report measures of EF in everyday life and of psychopathology. Based on a three-factor model (Miyake et al., 2000), item-level exploratory (n = 561) and confirmatory (n = 562) factor analyses were conducted on inhibition, shifting, and working memory scales chosen from the EF measure. Structural equation modeling tested the relationship of EF factors to dimensions of psychopathology using the total sample.
resultsA three-factor model of EF best fit the data and was replicated via confirmatory factor analysis. Depressed mood and anxious arousal evidenced broad deficits across all EF domains, whereas anxious apprehension evidenced shifting disruptions. LIMITATIONS: Perceived EF may not index the same constructs as performance-based EF tests. Further, the present study was restricted to college students, warranting replication in other samples.
conclusionsFindings suggest that depressed mood and anxious arousal are characterized by a general disruption in the ability to maintain task goals, whereas anxious apprehension is characterized by cognitive inflexibility. EF impairments are likely contributory factors in the maintenance of affective disorders.
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