Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33058788›Full record

ArticlePharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2020

The importance of acquisition learning on nicotine and varenicline drug substitution in a drug-discriminated goal-tracking task.

Brady M Thompson, Scott T Barrett, Y Wendy Huynh, David A Kwan, Jennifer E Murray, Rick A Bevins

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 49% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Brady M ThompsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Scott T BarrettDepartment of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Y Wendy HuynhDepartment of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
David A KwanDepartment of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Jennifer E MurrayDepartment of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Rick A BevinsDepartment of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA. Electronic address: rbevins1@unl.edu.
University of Nebraska–Lincoln · US

Funding

Testing the Efficacy of Ibudilast to Attenuate Meth-seeking and Associated Synaptic Inflammation at the Synapse (TEAMS)P20GM130461 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN · PI KIMBERLY A TYLER · 2019 to 2026
$20.6M
Interoceptive conditioning with nicotine: Changes in abuse liabilityR01DA046109 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN · PI BEVINS, RICK A · 2018 to 2022
$1.8M
Pharmacological interventions to diminish nicotine associated respondingR01DA034389 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN · PI BEVINS, RICK A · 2012 to 2016
$1.4M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA034389NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA046109NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM130461
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nicotine and varenicline (Chantix®; the leading non-nicotine cessation pharmacotherapy) can come to control appetitive behaviors such as goal-tracking. We tested rats (N = 48) in a drug-discriminated goal-tracking (DGT) task where each rat received daily subcutaneous injections of either nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or saline (0.9% [w/v]) interspersed across the acquisition phase (Phase 1). On saline days, sucrose was intermittently available. On nicotine days, sucrose was withheld. All rats acquired the discrimination with increased goal-tracking rates on saline days relative to nicotine days. Following acquisition, rats were separated into four groups to assess drug-substitution and discrimination reversal in Phase 2. The first group maintained the stimulus-reinforcer relation from acquisition (NIC-). The reversal group was now given access to sucrose on nicotine days (NIC+). The substitution group replaced nicotine with varenicline (1 mg/kg) while maintaining the acquisition stimulus-reinforcer relation (VAR-). The substitution and reversal group had nicotine replaced by varenicline and the stimulus-reinforcer relation reversed (VAR+). Rats in all groups learned or maintained their Phase 1 discriminations. For Phase 2, the reversal groups (+ conditions) acquired their discriminations within 10 sessions. The VAR- group displayed a pattern of disrupted discrimination at the outset of Phase 2 but was reestablished after continued training. In substitution testing, VAR groups received nicotine and NIC groups received varenicline. The NIC- and VAR- groups displayed full substitution of the test stimulus whereas the NIC+ and VAR+ groups displayed partial substitution of the test stimulus. Rats underwent nicotine extinction in Phase 3. Initial responding for each group mimicked Phase 2 training (i.e., higher responding by the reversal groups). All rats maintained similarly low levels of responding after six sessions. In conclusion, initial learning history with nicotine (i.e., + or -) influenced drug-stimulus substitution and the rate at which new learning (e.g., reversal) occurs with the varenicline and nicotine interoceptive stimuli.

Indexed as

Discrimination LearningDrug SubstitutionGoalsAnimalsMaleNicotineNicotinic AgonistsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySmoking Cessation AgentsVareniclineNicotineNicotinic AgonistsSmoking Cessation AgentsVarenicline

Identifiers

PMID33058788
PMCPMC7725853
OpenAlexW3092726149

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.