ReviewNeuron2020
Ultrasound Technologies for Imaging and Modulating Neural Activity.
Review in Neuron, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05032105 (.An Open-label Clinical Trial Evaluating the ExAblate Model 4000 Type-1 Focused Ultrasound Unilateral Thalamotomy for Patients With Treatment-refractory Focal Onset Epilepsy and Comorbid Anxiety.), which is not on this map. Cited by 108 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
.An Open-label Clinical Trial Evaluating the ExAblate Model 4000 Type-1 Focused Ultrasound Unilateral Thalamotomy for Patients With Treatment-refractory Focal Onset Epilepsy and Comorbid Anxiety.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effect of Low Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation on Neuromodulation in Animals and Humans: An Updated Systematic Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound amygdala neuromodulation: a double-blind sham-controlled target engagement study and unblinded single-arm clinical trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Trimodal ultrasound imaging of brain-tumor interaction.iScience · 2026Article
- ID3-directed sonogenetics to enhance osteogenesis and bone defect healing.International journal of oral science · 2026Article
- Integrated Ultrasonic Platform for Bioelectronic Control through Biological Barriers Based on Metasurface.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles Enable Modulation of Cortical Networks by Low-Intensity Static Magnetic Fields In Vitro.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Multifiber Array-Based Photometry System for Multiregional Functional Mapping in the Mouse Brain.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Activated Prodrugs for Precision Cancer Therapy: From Mechanical and Cavitation Effects to Advanced Sonochemical Activation.Chem & bio engineering · 2026Review
- Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation in Psychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms, Models, and Missing Links.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- From physical modalities to energy-responsive biomaterials: Current strategies and challenges in tendon-to-bone healing.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation enhances semantic memory by modulating brain morphology, neurochemistry and neural dynamics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genetic manipulation technologies for precise cellular control: a comparative review of five approaches.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- The neural thermostat malfunction: revisiting heatstroke through the lens of warm-sensitive neuron dysregulation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Brain-computer interfaces as a causal probe for scientific inquiry.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2026Review
- Recent Technological Advances in Monitoring and Neuromodulation of Non-Malignant and Neurogenic Bladder Conditions.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-transparent neural interfaces for multimodal interaction.Npj flexible electronics · 2026Article
- Ultrasound neuromodulation in brain disorders: from mechanotransduction mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Ultrasound Brain-Computer Interfaces for Transcranial Closed-Loop Neuromodulation.BME frontiers · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Effects and Mechanistic Insights of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Roadmap on advances in visual and physiological optics.Journal of optics (2010) · 2025Review
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Visualizing and perturbing neural activity on a brain-wide scale in model animals and humans is a major goal of neuroscience technology development. Established electrical and optical techniques typically break down at this scale due to inherent physical limitations. In contrast, ultrasound readily permeates the brain, and in some cases the skull, and interacts with tissue with a fundamental resolution on the order of 100 μm and 1 ms. This basic ability has motivated major efforts to harness ultrasound as a modality for large-scale brain imaging and modulation. These efforts have resulted in already-useful neuroscience tools, including high-resolution hemodynamic functional imaging, focused ultrasound neuromodulation, and local drug delivery. Furthermore, recent breakthroughs promise to connect ultrasound to neurons at the genetic level for biomolecular imaging and sonogenetic control. In this article, we review the state of the art and ongoing developments in ultrasonic neurotechnology, building from fundamental principles to current utility, open questions, and future potential.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.