ArticleCancer science2021
Distinct roles of programmed death ligand 1 alternative splicing isoforms in colorectal cancer.
Article in Cancer science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic and clinicopathological value of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in patients with colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The PD-L1-mTOR intersection in tumor migration and invasion.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Cathepsin S regulates antitumor immunity through autophagic degradation of PD-L1 in colorectal cancer cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- PD-1Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Applications of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Transcripts of splicing factors with time-varying associations with survival outcomes in colorectal cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- PD-1/PD-L1 axis: implications in immune regulation, cancer progression, and translational applications.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- FUT8-mediated aberrant N-glycosylation of SEMA7A promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression.International journal of oral science · 2024Article
- Trans-Regulation of AlternativeCells · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory Gene-Splicing Dysregulation in Tumorigenesis: Unmasking the Complexity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- PD-L1: expression regulation.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2023Review
- The Regulatory Axis of PD-L1 Isoform 2/TNF/T Cell Proliferation Is Required for the Canonical Immune-Suppressive Effects of PD-L1 Isoform 1 in Liver Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Soluble PD-L1: a potential dynamic predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in patients with proficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Programmed death ligand 1 signals in cancer cells.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2022Review
- Comprehensive characterization of the alternative splicing landscape in ovarian cancer reveals novel events associated with tumor-immune microenvironment.Bioscience reports · 2022Article
- Identification and Validation of Novel Immune-Related Alternative Splicing Signatures as a Prognostic Model for Colon Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Identification of Alternative Splicing-Related Genes CYB561 and FOLH1 in the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment for Endometrial Cancer Based on TCGA Data Analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Role of immune escape in different digestive tumours.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Review
- Increased expression of TAZ and associated upregulation of PD-L1 in cervical cancer.Cancer cell international · 2021Article
- Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 (sPD-L1): A Pool of Circulating Proteins Implicated in Health and Diseases.Cancers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy has achieved great success in some cancers, most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients remain unresponsive. Therefore, further clarification of the underlying mechanisms is needed to improve the therapy. In this study, we explored the distinct functions of different PD-L1 alternative splicing isoforms in CRC. We investigated the biological functions in PD-L1 knocked down/knockout cells, which were verified through overexpression of PD-L1 isoforms a, b, and c. The roles of PD-L1 isoforms in immune surveillance resistance was also analyzed. Meanwhile, we performed RNA-seq to screen the downstream molecules regulated by PD-L1 isoforms. Finally, we detected PD-L1 and PD-L1 isoforms levels in a cohort of serum samples, two cohorts of CRC tissue samples, and analyzed the correlation of PD-L1 isoforms with PD-1 blockade therapy response in two clinical CRC cases. The results indicated that PD-L1 knockout inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and isoform b exerted a more significant inhibitory effect on T cells than the other two isoforms. Moreover, isoform c could promote CRC progression through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Clinical data showed that CRC patients with positive PD-L1 expression were associated with poorer overall survival. High serum PD-L1 level was associated with poor prognosis. The level of isoform b or c was negatively associated with prognosis, and a higher level of isoform b was associated with a good response to anti-PD-1 therapy. In conclusion, isoform b should be considered as a biomarker for clinical responsiveness to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy; isoform c had a prometastatic role and is a new potential target for CRC therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.