ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2020
Polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in English bulldogs.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic Sensitivity of the PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangement (PARR) Assay for Canine Plasma Cell Tumors.Veterinary clinical pathology · 2025Article
- A series of heterogeneous lymphoproliferative diseases with CD3 and MUM1 co-expressed in cats and dogs.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2023Article
- Detection and Characterization of Paraproteinemia in Canine Chronic B-cell Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Routine and Free Light Chain Immunofixation.Veterinary clinical pathology · 2022Article
- Clinical outcome and Ki67 evaluation in dogs with nodal small cell B-cell lymphoma diagnosed by flow cytometry.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
- Clinical outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A retrospective study.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Progressive gammopathy and coagulopathy in a young English bulldog.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2021Article
- Polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in English bulldogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnglish bulldogs disproportionally develop an expansion of small B-cells, which has been interpreted as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL). However, clonality testing in these cases has often not been supportive of neoplasia. HYPOTHESIS: English bulldogs have a syndrome of nonneoplastic B-cell expansion. ANIMALS: Eighty-four English bulldogs with small-sized CD21+ B-cell lymphocytosis in the blood as determined by flow cytometry.
methodsThis is a retrospective study. We characterized this syndrome by assessing B-cell clonality, clinical presentation, flow cytometric features, and immunoglobulin gammopathy patterns. We identified 84 cases with CD21+ lymphocytosis among 195 English bulldogs with blood samples submitted to the Colorado State University-Clinical Immunology laboratory for immunophenotyping between 2010 and 2019. Flow cytometry features were compared to normal B-cells and BCLL cases. PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR) by multiple immunoglobulin primers was performed to assess B-cell clonality. A subset of cases with gammopathy were examined by protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, and immunoglobulin subclass ELISA quantification.
resultsSeventy percent (58/83) of cases had polyclonal or restricted polyclonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements, suggesting nonmalignant B-cell expansion. The median age of all dogs in the study was 6.8 years and 74% were male. The median (range) lymphocyte count was 22 400/μL (2000-384 400/μL) and B-cells had low expression of class II MHC and CD25. Splenomegaly or splenic masses were detected in 57% (26/46) of cases and lymphadenopathy in 11% (7/61). Seventy-one percent (52/73) of cases had hyperglobulinemia and 77% (23/30) with globulin characterization had IgA ± IgM polyclonal or restricted polyclonal gammopathy patterns. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in English bulldogs is characterized by low B-cell class II MHC and CD25 expression, splenomegaly and hyperglobulinemia consisting of increased IgA ± IgM. We hypothesize that this syndrome has a genetic basis.
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