ArticleJournal of rehabilitation medicine2021
A practical guide to optimizing the benefits of post-stroke spasticity interventions with botulinum toxin A: An international group consensus.
Article in Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06811142 (EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF EARLY APPLICATION OF BOTULINUM TOXIN IN PATIENTS WITH A FIRST CEREBRAL VASCULAR EVENT.), which is not on this map. Cited by 52 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the effects of early application of botulinum toxin in patients with a first cerebral vascular event.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- From Neurophysiological Mechanisms to Rehabilitation After Botulinum Toxin Type A in Post-Stroke Spasticity.Toxins · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of botulinum toxin A combined with extracorporeal shockwave therapy in post-stroke spasticity: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Brazilian practice guidelines for stroke rehabilitation: Part II.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Guideline
- Pooled it
- Trial
- KinesioTaping after botulinum toxin type A for cervical dystonia in adult patients.Brain and behavior · 2022Trial
- Article
- Ultrasound-Guided Alcohol Neurolysis for Poststroke Upper Limb Spasticity to Facilitate Arteriovenous Fistula Creation in Hemodialysis: A Case Report.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Article
- A Clinical Practice Framework for Ultrasound-Informed Multimodal Management of Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Proof-of-Concept Case.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Acupoint-to-Acupoint Penetrating Acupuncture as an Add-on to Conventional Care for Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Non-Invasive Assessment of Hypertonic Muscle Properties After Botulinum Toxin Neuromodulation in Post-Stroke Patients: A Systematic Literature Review of Recent Evidence (2023-2025) on Mobility and Balance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Adverse neurological events following botulinum toxin type A: A case series of post-injection seizures and paralysis.Toxicon: X · 2026Article
- Enhancing Cardiopulmonary Function Through Spasticity Reduction-Effects of Botulinum Toxin A After Stroke: A Prospective Before-After Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Percutaneous Cryoneurolysis for Upper Limb Spasticity: A Systematic Scoping Review of Current Evidence, Safety Profile, and Implications for Hand and Upper Extremity Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Evolution of goal setting and attainment over repeated cycles of botulinum toxin A for upper limb spasticity in real-life clinical practice: longitudinal analyses from the observational ULIS-III cohort study.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Article
- Electrical or magnetic nerve stimulation enhance the BoNT/A-mediated muscle paralysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Article
- Aligning Minds in Spasticity Care-A Two-Phase Delphi-Dialogue Study of Patients and Professionals in Spain.Toxins · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This consensus paper is derived from a meeting of an international group of 19 neurological rehabilitation specialists with a combined experience of more than 250 years (range 4-25 years; mean 14.1 years) in treating post-stroke spasticity with botulinum toxin A. The group undertook critical assessments of some recurring practical challenges, not yet addressed in guidelines, through an exten-sive literature search. They then discussed the results in the light of their individual clinical experience and developed consensus statements to present to the wider community who treat such patients. The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of treatment with botulinum toxin A, including the use of adjunctive therapies, within a multidisciplinary context, and is aimed at practicing clinicians who treat patients with post-stroke spasticity and require further practical guidance on the use of botulinum toxin A. This paper does not replicate information published elsewhere, but instead aims to provide practical advice to help optimize the use of botulinum toxin A and maximize clinical outcomes. The recommendations for each topic are summarized in a series of statements. Where published high-quality evidence exists, the recommendations reflect this. However, where evidence is not yet conclusive, the group members issued statements and, in some cas-es, made recommendations based on their clinical experience.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.