ArticleSleep2021
Emergence of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in objectively measured sleep-wake patterns in early infancy: results of the Rise & SHINE study.
Article in Sleep, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of behavioral sleep interventions on children's and mothers' sleep quality and maternal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of a Responsive Parenting Intervention Among Black Families on Infant Sleep: A Secondary Analysis of the Sleep SAAF Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
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- Health care expenditures associated with sleep disorders among children and adolescents in the United States: a nationally representative study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- The Boston Children's Hospital Sleep Corpus: A Collection of 15,695 Annotated Pediatric Polysomnograms.Sleep · 2025Article
- Postpartum sleep and relationship satisfaction among Black mothers.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2025Article
- Perceived childhood neighborhood safety and sleep health during childhood and adulthood among a cohort of African American women.Sleep medicine · 2024Article
- The Negative Effects of Travel on Student Athletes Through Sleep and Circadian Disruption.Journal of biological rhythms · 2024Article
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- Disparities in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Upstream Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Implications.Clinics in chest medicine · 2023Review
- Health Disparities in Pediatric Sleep.Sleep medicine clinics · 2023Review
- ABM Clinical Protocol #37: Physiological Infant Care-Managing Nighttime Breastfeeding in Young Infants.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Article
- Longitudinal changes in term and preterm infant night wakings: The role of caregiver anxious-depression.Infant mental health journal · 2023Article
- Racial/ethnic disparities in infant sleep in the COVID-19 Mother Baby Outcomes (COMBO) study.Sleep health · 2022Article
- Co-Rooming Accounts for Socioeconomic Disparities in Infant Sleep Quality among Families Living in Urban Environments.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Disparities in sleep duration among American children: effects of race and ethnicity, income, age, and sex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- The Brain and Early Experience Study: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Development of circadian rest-activity rhythms during the first year of life in a racially diverse cohort.Sleep · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo characterize objectively assessed sleep-wake patterns in infants at approximately 1 month and 6 months and examine the differences among infants with different racial/ethnic backgrounds and household socioeconomic status (SES).
methodsFull-term healthy singletons wore an ankle-placed actigraph at approximately 1 month and 6 months and parents completed sleep diaries. Associations of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic indices with sleep outcomes were examined using multivariable analyses. Covariates included sex, birth weight for gestational age z-score, age at assessment, maternal education, household income, bed-sharing, and breastfeeding.
resultsThe sample included 306 infants, of whom 51% were female, 42.5% non-Hispanic white, 32.7% Hispanic, 17.3% Asian, and 7.5% black. Between 1 month and 6 months, night sleep duration increased by 65.7 minutes (95% CI: 55.4, 76.0), night awakenings decreased by 2.2 episodes (2.0, 2.4), and daytime sleep duration decreased by 73.3 minutes (66.4, 80.2). Compared to change in night sleep duration over this development period for white infants (82.3 minutes [66.5, 98.0]), night sleep increased less for Hispanic (48.9 minutes [30.8, 66.9]) and black infants (31.6 minutes [-5.9, 69.1]). Night sleep duration also increased less for infants with lower maternal education and household income. Asian infants had more frequent night awakenings. Adjustment for maternal education and household income attenuated all observed day and night sleep duration differences other than in Asians, where persistently reduced nighttime sleep at 6 months was observed.
conclusionsRacial/ethnic differences in sleep emerge in early infancy. Night and 24-hour sleep durations increase less in Hispanic and black infants compared to white infants, with differences largely explained by SES.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.