ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2021
Physical Frailty Phenotype Criteria and Their Synergistic Association on Cognitive Functioning.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sarcopenia and Frailty in COPD: Mechanisms, Relationship with Malnutrition and Potential Therapeutic Interventions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Physical Performance as a Predictor of Length of Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery: A Multicenter Prospective Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The cross-sectional relationship of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in older Poles: analysis of the PolSenior2 data.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- Frailty, but not cognitive impairment, improves mortality risk prediction among those with chronic kidney disease-a nationally representative study.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Order of Onset of Physical Frailty and Cognitive Impairment and Risk of Repeated Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2023Observational
- The independent impact of dementia in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction.Clinical cardiology · 2023Article
- The national burden of frailty and disproportionate distribution of its components-the predominance of slow gait speed: a 2018-19 face-to-face epidemiologic assessment representative of population of older Poles.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Article
- Physical Frailty and Cognitive Function among Older Chinese Adults: The Mediating Roles of Activities of Daily Living Limitations and Depression.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2023Article
- Long-Term Trajectories of Frailty and Its Components After Kidney Transplantation.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Patterns of the physical, cognitive, and mental health status of older individuals in a real-life primary care setting and differences in coping styles.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Cognitive impairment burden in older and younger adults across the kidney transplant care continuum.Clinical transplantation · 2021Article
- Frailty-a risk factor of global and domain-specific cognitive decline among a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adult U.S. Medicare beneficiaries.Age and ageing · 2021Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFrailty (physical frailty phenotype [PFP]) and its criteria (slow gait, weakness, weight loss, low activity, and exhaustion) are each associated with cognitive dysfunction. The extent to which the PFP is associated with cognition beyond that expected from its component parts remains uncertain.
methodWe used the National Health and Aging Trends Study to quantify associations between PFP criteria and cognitive performance (level/change) using adjusted mixed effects models. We tested whether frailty was associated with excess cognitive vulnerability (synergistic/excess effects, Cohen's d) beyond criteria contributions by assessing interactions between each criterion and frailty.
resultsAmong 7439 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 75.2 years) followed for a mean of 3.2 years (SE = 0.03), 14.1% were frail. The PFP and PFP criteria were all associated with lower baseline cognitive performance, among which slow gait (-0.31 SD, SE = 0.02) and frailty (-0.23 SD, SE = 0.02) were strongest. Only slow gait (-0.03 SD/year, SE = 0.01), frailty (-0.02 SD/year, SE = 0.01), weight loss (-0.02 SD/year, SE = 0.01), and weakness (-0.02 SD/year, SE = 0.01) were associated with cognitive decline. Frailty was associated with cognitive performance above and beyond each criterion (excess effects ranging from -0.07 SD [SE = -0.05] for slow gait to -0.23 SD [SE = 0.03] for weakness); the same was not true for cognitive decline. Slow gait was the only criterion associated with cognitive change among both frail and nonfrail participants (frail: Cohen's d/year = -0.03, SE = 0.01; nonfrail: Cohen's d/year = -0.02, SE = 0.01).
conclusionsPFP is an important frailty measure that is cross-sectionally associated with lower cognitive performance, but not with subsequent cognitive decline, above and beyond its criteria contributions. Further research into the construct of frailty as a "syndrome" correlated with cognition and other adverse outcomes is needed.
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