ArticlePloS one2020
Burden of stigma among tuberculosis patients in a pastoralist community in Kenya: A mixed methods study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gendered experiences of people living with tuberculosis or leprosy: A global systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Tuberculosis-related stigma and associated factors among people with pulmonary tuberculosis predominantly co-infected with HIV in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Settings, characteristics, and experiences of stigma among people with tuberculosis in Kenya: National survey results.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
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- Article
- Factors contributing to low tuberculosis diagnosis among children aged 0-14 years in Gem Sub County in Siaya County, Kenya.PloS one · 2026Article
- Enacted and internalized stigma as predictors of successful treatment outcome among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Gauteng, South Africa.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Preferences for TB treatment and support delivery models among people living with TB in Eastern Cape, South Africa: a discrete choice experiment.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Social isolation, social exclusion, and access to mental and tangible resources: mapping the gendered impact of tuberculosis-related stigma among men and women living with tuberculosis in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Adaptation and validation of perceived HIV and TB stigma scales among persons with TB.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2025Article
- Elucidating the knowledge, attitude, and stigma associated with tuberculosis: a community based descriptive study in Wau and Jur River, South Sudan.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- The burden of tuberculosis and drug resistance in 22 Sub-Saharan African countries, 1990-2021: a GBD 2021 analysis and progress towards WHO 2035 targets with projections to 2050.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Toward community-driven tuberculosis education: findings from a knowledge and engagement pilot survey in the rural community of Eastern Cape, South Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Influences of radiographic silicosis and drug supervisor on the development of multi drug resistant-tuberculosis in West Java, Indonesia.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Lived experiences of persons on tuberculosis treatment in Nairobi County, Kenya: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Determinants of an unfavorable treatment outcome among tuberculosis patients in the Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Factors affecting the readiness for hospital discharge of initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients in China: a phenomenological study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Medication nonadherence and associated factors in patients with tuberculosis in Wau, South Sudan: a cross- sectional study using the world health organization multidimensional adherence model.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- "As a patient I do not belong to the clinic, I belong to the community." Co-developing a multi-level, person-centred tuberculosis stigma intervention in Cape Town, South Africa.Research square · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) stigma remains a barrier to early diagnosis and treatment completion. Increased understanding of stigma is necessary for improved interventions to minimise TB stigma and its effects. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively measure TB stigma and to explore qualitatively its manifestation among TB patients in a rural Kenyan community.
methodsThis hospital based study using explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was conducted in 2016. In the quantitative part of the study, a questionnaire containing socio-demographic characteristics and scales measuring perceived TB stigma and experienced TB stigma, was administered to 208 adult pulmonary TB patients receiving treatment in West Pokot County. Respondents with high stigma were purposively selected to take part in in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The qualitative data were collected through 15 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions with TB patients. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was done for the quantitative data while the thematic analysis was done for qualitative data.
resultsThe internal consistency reliability coefficients were satisfactory with Cronbach alphas of 0.87 and 0.86 for the 11-item and 12-item stigma measurement scale. The investigation revealed that TB stigma was high. The key drivers of TB stigma were the association of TB with HIV/AIDS and the fear of TB transmission. TB stigma was exemplified through patients being isolated by others, self-isolation, fear to disclose TB diagnosis, association of TB with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and lack of social support. Being a woman was significantly associated with high levels of both experienced stigma (p = 0.007) and perceived stigma (p = 0.005) while age, marital status, occupation and the patient's religion were not.
conclusionThere is a need to implement stigma reduction interventions in order to improve TB program outcomes.
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