ArticleScientific reports2020
Unravelling the health status of brachycephalic dogs in the UK using multivariable analysis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed.
- 'Teleonomes in Tatters': The Welfare Costs of Selecting Dogs for Extreme Phenotypes, and the Case for Change.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Dog Breeds for the Future: Theoretical Assessment of Strategies for Enhancing the Behavioural Reliability of Existing Dog Breeds, or Developing New Ideal Urban Companion Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Risk assessment of canine periodontal disease: insights from owner-reported health questionnaires.The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Article
- Giant dog breeds under primary veterinary care in the UK: demography, common disorders and mortality.Companion animal health and genetics · 2026Article
- A solution right under our nose? Crossbreeding extreme brachycephalic dogs results in better health outcomes while preserving behavioural profiles and dog-owner relationship quality.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional study into the prevalence and conformational risk factors of BOAS across fourteen brachycephalic dog breeds.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Sold a pup? Impact of purchasing practices, owner and dog demographics, and puppy early-life experiences on later canine health outcomes in the UK.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2026Article
- Risk assessment for canine periodontal disease using a hybrid causal Bayesian network.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and clinical management of nail clipping in dogs under UK primary veterinary care.The Journal of small animal practice · 2025Article
- Retrospective Study of Malignant Cutaneous Tumors in Dog Populations in Northwest Mexico from 2019 to 2021.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Analysis of canine gene constraint identifies new variants for orofacial clefts and stature.Genome research · 2025Article
- Impact of an Educational Intervention on Public Perception of Health Problems in Brachycephalic Dogs.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- A One Health Approach Metagenomic Study on Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Canine Saliva.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Rabbit Dental Abnormalities: Investigation of Conformational Risk Factors in a Pedigree Rabbit Population.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Brachycephaly, Ear Anatomy, and Co-Does Size Matter? A Retrospective Study on the Influence of Size-Dependent Features Regarding Canine Otitis Externa.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Prevalence and breed predisposition for spinal diseases in pugs and French bulldogs.The Veterinary record · 2025Article
- Pet Dog Choice in Hong Kong and Mainland China: Exploring Owners' Motivations, Behaviours, and Perceptions.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Application of the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay for Genotoxicity Detection in Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Diversity in chemosensory receptor genes in dogs and wolves: degeneration of the olfactory receptor gene repertoire in the brachycephalic Pug.Chemical senses · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brachycephalic dog breeds are regularly asserted as being less healthy than non-brachycephalic breeds. Using primary-care veterinary clinical data, this study aimed to identify predispositions and protections in brachycephalic dogs and explore differing inferences between univariable and multivariable results. All disorders during 2016 were extracted from a random sample of 22,333 dogs within the VetCompass Programme from a sampling frame of 955,554 dogs under UK veterinary care in 2016. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression modelling explored brachycephaly as a risk factor for each of a series of common disorders. Brachycephalic dogs were younger, lighter and less likely to be neutered than mesocephalic, dolichocephalic and crossbred dogs. Brachycephalic differed to non-brachycephalic types in their odds for 10/30 (33.33%) common disorders. Of these, brachycephalic types were predisposed for eight disorders and were protected for two disorders. Univariable and multivariable analyses generated differing inference for 11/30 (30.67%) disorders. This study provides strong evidence that brachycephalic breeds are generally less healthy than their non-brachycephalic counterparts. Results from studies that report only univariable methods should be treated with extreme caution due to potential confounding effects that have not been accounted for during univariable study design or analysis.
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