Trial reportScience advances2020
Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children.
Trial report in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 346 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental and practice factors associated with children's device-measured physical activity and sedentary time in early childhood education and care centres: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Pooled it
- Determining Factors in the Use of Urban Parks That Influence the Practice of Physical Activity in Children: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- A randomized controlled trial of environmental richness on gastrointestinal symptoms, salivary cortisol, and gut microbiota in early childhood.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Results from the PROmoting Early Childhood Outside cluster randomized trial evaluating an outdoor play intervention in early childhood education centres.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Skin exposure to soil microbiota elicits changes in cell-mediated immunity to pneumococcal vaccine.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Psychobiotic Effects on Anxiety Are Modulated by Lifestyle Behaviors: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial on Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Indoor green wall affects health-associated commensal skin microbiota and enhances immune regulation: a randomized trial among urban office workers.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Cities cannot go green without soil microorganisms.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Article
- Airborne Bacteria Are Influenced by Surrounding Soil, Litter and Vegetation at a Forest Campsite.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- Toward Meta-Omics Governance of the Urban Microbiome Commons.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Review
- Urban soilUrban forestry & urban greening · 2026Article
- The role of the microbiota in hematological malignancies: A narrative review of mechanisms and therapeutic potential.New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- From Food Systems to Gut Microbiota: Dietary Substrates, Microbial Exposure and One Health.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Associations between residential greenness, land cover and risk of celiac disease in genetically at-risk children: Celiac Prediction in Skåne study.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Article
- Species Extinction, Biodiversity, Human Health, and Inevitable Role of Lifestyle Medicine: A Narrative Review.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Review
- Relations of residential greenness with immunity and inflammation.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Microbial diversity as the next frontier of payments for ecosystem services in nature-positive finance.npj biodiversity · 2026Review
- Neighborhood deadwood and yard rewilding modulate commensal microbiomes and inflammatory signals among urbanites.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Beta-diversity of urban vegetation shapes microbial heterogeneity and maintains healthy environment.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Playgrounds as microbial interfaces: strategies to enhance soil microbiomes and support healthy childhoods.mSystems · 2026Review
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As the incidence of immune-mediated diseases has increased rapidly in developed societies, there is an unmet need for novel prophylactic practices to fight against these maladies. This study is the first human intervention trial in which urban environmental biodiversity was manipulated to examine its effects on the commensal microbiome and immunoregulation in children. We analyzed changes in the skin and gut microbiota and blood immune markers of children during a 28-day biodiversity intervention. Children in standard urban and nature-oriented daycare centers were analyzed for comparison. The intervention diversified both the environmental and skin Gammaproteobacterial communities, which, in turn, were associated with increases in plasma TGF-β1 levels and the proportion of regulatory T cells. The plasma IL-10:IL-17A ratio increased among intervention children during the trial. Our findings suggest that biodiversity intervention enhances immunoregulatory pathways and provide an incentive for future prophylactic approaches to reduce the risk of immune-mediated diseases in urban societies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.