Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33054125›Full record

ReviewHaematologica2021

Differentiation therapy of myeloid leukemia: four decades of development.

Vikas Madan, H Phillip Koeffler

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Haematologica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Targeting WNK1 Releases Differentiation Block in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
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  7. Phytochemicals of Pteridophytes: Occurrence, Structures, and Biological Activity.Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products · 2026
    Review
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  13. Norchelerythrine fromInternational journal of oncology · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Vikas MadanCancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore. vikasmadan@aol.com.
H Phillip KoefflerCancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital. H.Koeffler@cshs.org.
National University Cancer Institute, Singapore · SGNational University of Singapore · SG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia is characterized by arrested differentiation, and agents that overcome this block are therapeutically useful, as shown by the efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the early promise of differentiation therapy did not translate into clinical benefit for other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia, in which cytotoxic chemotherapeutic regimens remained the standard of care. Recent advances, including insights from sequencing of acute myeloid leukemia genomes, have led to the development of targeted therapies, comprising agents that induce differentiation of leukemic cells in preclinical models and clinical trials, thus rejuvenating interest in differentiation therapy. These agents act on various cellular processes including dysregulated metabolic programs, signaling pathways, epigenetic machinery and the cell cycle. In particular, inhibitors of mutant IDH1/2 and FLT3 have shown clinical benefit, leading to approval by regulatory bodies of their use. Besides the focus on recently approved differentiation therapies, this review also provides an overview of differentiation- inducing agents being tested in clinical trials or investigated in preclinical research. Combinatorial strategies are currently being tested for several agents (inhibitors of KDM1A, DOT1L, BET proteins, histone deacetylases), which were not effective in clinical studies as single agents, despite encouraging anti-leukemic activity observed in preclinical models. Overall, recently approved drugs and new investigational agents being developed highlight the merits of differentiation therapy; and ongoing studies promise further advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in the near future.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteLeukemia, Promyelocytic, AcuteCell DifferentiationHistone DemethylasesHumansTretinoinAntineoplastic AgentsHistone DemethylasesKDM1A protein, humanTretinoin

Identifiers

PMID33054125
PMCPMC7776344
OpenAlexW3092632847

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.