ReviewEuropean journal of pharmacology2020
Treatment for COVID-19: An overview.
Review in European journal of pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 160 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 360 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19: An umbrella review.Reviews in medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 and the Immune Response: A Multi-Phasic Approach to the Treatment of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Identification of Drug Interaction Adverse Events in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Tocilizumab on Adults With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The Prevalence and Associated Death of Ventricular Arrhythmia and Sudden Cardiac Death in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Exploring pentoxifylline as an alternative treatment for dexamethasone in diabetic patients with COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of medical research · 2025Trial
- Investigating the effect of echinacea extraction syrup on the outcomes of lower respiratory infections in patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial study.Virology journal · 2024Trial
- Pembrolizumab in combination with tocilizumab in high-risk hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (COPERNICO): A randomized proof-of-concept phase II study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Identifying SARS-CoV-2 'memory' NK cells from COVID-19 convalescent donors for adoptive cell therapy.Immunology · 2022Trial
- The potential role of indomethacin in COVID-19 management: A systematic review of therapeutic and mechanistic evidence.New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Breathing Under Pressure: Psychological Burden and Recovery Trajectories in Patients Receiving Non-Invasive Respiratory Support from Acute COVID-19 to Respiratory Rehabilitation.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Disease Severity Among US Adults in Health Systems Participating in PCORnet®: May 2020-October 2022.Medical care · 2026Article
- Investigating the relationship between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 infection: a cohort study in Tehran.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Novel Multifunctional Cannabidiol-Based Analogues with In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Effect.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Classification of the ICU Admission for COVID-19 Patients with Transfer Learning Models Using Chest X-Ray Images.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Retrospective Cohort Study: Severe COVID-19 Leads to Permanent Blunted Heart Rate Turbulence.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Sequelae in Liver Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clinical Telavancin Failure in Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.Cureus · 2025Article
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome, a characteristic hyperinflammatory response, vascular damage, microangiopathy, angiogenesis and widespread thrombosis. Four stages of COVID-19 have been identified: the first stage is characterised by upper respiratory tract infection; the second by the onset of dyspnoea and pneumonia; the third by a worsening clinical scenario dominated by a cytokine storm and the consequent hyperinflammatory state; and the fourth by death or recovery. Currently, no treatment can act specifically against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on the pathological features and different clinical phases of COVID-19, particularly in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, the classes of drugs used are antiviral agents, inflammation inhibitors/antirheumatic drugs, low molecular weight heparins, plasma, and hyperimmune immunoglobulins. During this emergency period of the COVID-19 outbreak, clinical researchers are using and testing a variety of possible treatments. Based on these premises, this review aims to discuss the most updated pharmacological treatments to effectively act against the SARS-CoV-2 infection and support researchers and clinicians in relation to any current and future developments in curing COVID-19 patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.