ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Symptoms in Blastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Histoplasmosis Versus Other Respiratory Illnesses in Commercially Insured Adult Outpatients-United States, 2016-2017.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Histoplasma antigen detection: A laboratory-based retrospective review of routine testing from 2021 to 2023.Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Article
- Disseminated Histoplasmosis and Aortic Valve Infective Endocarditis in a Patient With Recent Aortobifemoral Bypass.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Coccidioidomycosis in Outpatient Community-Acquired Pneumonia.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Persistence of Symptoms among Commercially Insured Patients with Coccidioidomycosis, United States, 2017-2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Histoplasmosis in India: clinical insights from a tertiary care hospital.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Estimated Burden of Coccidioidomycosis.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Pulmonary Fungal Infections 1990-2021.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Do Not Increase Aspiration During Upper Endoscopy in Patients With Diabetes.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of Human Endemic Mycoses Caused by Thermally Dimorphic Fungi: From Classical to Molecular Methods.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Public Health Research Priorities for Fungal Diseases: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Save Lives.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Tackling Histoplasmosis Infection in People Living with HIV from Latin America: From Diagnostic Strategy to Public Health Solutions.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A comprehensive framework to estimate the frequency, duration, and risk factors for diagnostic delays using bootstrapping-based simulation methods.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2023Article
- Fungal Pathogens as Causes of Acute Respiratory Illness in Hospitalized Veterans: Frequency of Fungal Positive Test Results Using Rapid Immunodiagnostic Assays.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Infectious and Inflammatory Pathways to Cough.Annual review of physiology · 2023Review
- A clinically-guided unsupervised clustering approach to recommend symptoms of disease associated with diagnostic opportunities.Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
- Advocating for Coccidioidomycosis to Be a Reportable Disease Nationwide in the United States and Encouraging Disease Surveillance across North and South America.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Repurposing benzbromarone as antifolate to develop novel antifungal therapy for Candida albicans.Journal of molecular modeling · 2022Article
- Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Predictors of Coccidioidomycosis, Arizona, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Coccidioidomycosis: A Contemporary Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Review
- Educational case: Coccidioidomycosis.Academic pathology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis cause various symptoms and syndromes, which may present similarly to other infections such as bacterial or viral community-acquired pneumonia, influenza, and tuberculosis.
methodsWe used the IBM MarketScan Research Databases to identify adult outpatients with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM), diagnosis codes during 2016-2017 for blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, pneumonia (viral, bacterial, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and unspecified pneumonia), influenza; tuberculosis, and other lower and upper respiratory infections. We compared symptoms on and in the 90 days before diagnosis between patients with these diagnosis codes.
resultsFever was less common in blastomycosis (2.6%), histoplasmosis (5.3%), and coccidioidomycosis (9.4%) than in patients with influenza (18.5%) or pneumonia (12.6-16.3%). Fungal diseases resembled bacterial, viral, and unspecified pneumonias for many pulmonary symptoms. However, cough was more common with coccidioidomycosis (31.4%) and less common with histoplasmosis (14.0%) and blastomycosis (13.1%) versus influenza (20.2%). Although less frequent, solitary pulmonary nodule (5.2-14.4%), enlarged lymph nodes (3.7-9.0%), hyperhidrosis (<2%), and erythema nodosum (<2%) were particularly suggestive of fungal diseases.
conclusionsDespite limitations inherent in administrative coding, this analysis of symptom codes across disease types suggests that fungal diseases may be difficult to clinically distinguish from other causes of pneumonia except when certain uncommon symptoms are present. Healthcare providers caring for patients with pneumonia, especially if nonresponsive to conventional treatment, should consider fungal diseases as possible etiologies.
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