ArticlePloS one2020
Assessment of early mitigation measures against COVID-19 in Puerto Rico: March 15-May 15, 2020.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The methodologies to assess the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19: a systematic review.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Minimizing Societal Cost of Epidemics: Optimal Catastrophe Insurance Compensation Allocation.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- Adapting Ophthalmology Practices in Puerto Rico During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Understanding Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 on Puerto Rican Youth: Influence of Parental Stress.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Influence of Seasonality and Public-Health Interventions on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Europe.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Risk Perceptions and Health Behaviors in Puerto Rico.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Factors that influence Puerto Rican's intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2022Article
- Estimating COVID-19 cases in Puerto Rico using an automated surveillance system.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Predictive models for COVID-19 cases, deaths and recoveries in Algeria.Results in physics · 2021Article
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review.Physics reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
On March 15, 2020 Puerto Rico implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including a mandatory curfew, as part of a state of emergency declaration to prevent the community transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The strict enforcement of this curfew was extended through May 25, with a gradual relaxation beginning on May 1. This report summarizes an assessment of these early mitigation measures on the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic in the island. From March 15 to May 15, 2020, 70,656 results of molecular (RT-PCR) tests were reported to the Puerto Rico Department of Health. Of these, 1,704 were positive, corresponding to 1,311 individuals with COVID-19 included in the study. We derived the epidemic growth rates (r) and the corresponding reproductive numbers (R) from the epidemic curve of these 1,311 individuals with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 using their date of test collection as a proxy for symptoms onset. Through May 31, 2020, there were 143 COVID-19 associated deaths in Puerto Rico, for a case fatality risk of 10.9%. We compared the observed cases and deaths with Gompertz model projections had the mitigation measures not been implemented. The number of daily RT-PCR-confirmed cases peaked on March 30 (85 cases), showing a weekly cyclical trend, with lower counts on weekends and a decreasing secular trend since March 30. The initial exponential growth rate (r) was 15.87% (95% CI: 7.59%, 24.15%), corresponding to R of 1.82 (95% CI:1.37, 2.30). After March 30, the r value reverted to an exponential decay rate (negative) of -2.95% (95% CI: -4.99%, -0.92%), corresponding to R of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.98). We estimate that, had the initial growth rate been maintained, a total of 6,155 additional COVID-19 cases would have occurred by May 15, with 211 additional COVID-19 deaths by May 31. These findings are consistent with very effective implementation of early NPIs as mitigation measures in Puerto Rico. These results also provide a baseline to assess the impact of the transition from mitigation to subsequent containment stages in Puerto Rico.
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