ArticlePersonality and individual differences2021
Gender, face mask perceptions, and face mask wearing: Are men being dangerous during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Article in Personality and individual differences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Mask-wearing behavior patterns among dental patients in post-pandemic China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Factors associated with the mask-wearing behavior of university students in Japan: a cross-sectional study of the post-mask-mandate period.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Masking is good, but conforming is better: The consequences of masking non-conformity within the college classroom.PloS one · 2025Article
- Towards prevention of new COVID-19 infections in institutions of higher education: factors influencing compliance with mask-wearing among public university students in Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Observation of spectators' mask-wearing behavior at a national basketball tournament.Managing sport and leisure · 2024Article
- Gender differences in COVID-19-related behaviours: evidence from three ethnic minority groups.Current issues in personality psychology · 2024Article
- Public perception on face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia: A cross sectional study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Face mask use in the city of Chennai, India: Results from three serial cross-sectional surveys, 2021.PloS one · 2024Article
- Attitudes toward the use of facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian community.Industrial psychiatry journal · 2023Article
- How does exposure to masked individuals affect White Americans' attitudes toward Asian American and Pacific Islanders?Social and personality psychology compass · 2023Article
- The government of masks in sentinel territories against Covid-19: Dakar and Seine-Saint-Denis.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Correlations of demographic factors and hygiene factors with face mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggestion for future research: A cross-sectional study of adults in Malaysia.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Predictors and motives for mask-wearing behavior and vaccination intention.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Support for regulation versus compliance: Face masks during COVID-19.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- The impacts and implications of the community face mask use during the Covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative narrative interview study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023Article
- Collective health behavior and face mask utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma, USA.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Knowledge, practice and technique of facemask usage among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.Scientific African · 2023Article
- Identifying targets for interventions to support public use of face coverings.British journal of health psychology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent popular press authors have proposed that men are less likely to wear face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate this notion in the current article by analyzing three extant datasets. We also assess the mediating effect of eight different face mask perceptions in the relation between gender and face mask wearing via the Face Mask Perceptions Scale. Across the three datasets, the sample-size weighted meta-analytic correlation between gender and face mask wearing was not statistically significant, and no face mask perception was a consistent mediator of this effect. Gender did have significant relations with two face mask perceptions, however. Men were more likely to perceive face masks as infringing on their independence, whereas women were more likely to perceive face masks as uncomfortable. Therefore, although gender does not relate to whether a person wears a face mask, it does relate to face mask perceptions. We offer several suggestions for research and practice from these results, such as the positioning of face mask wearing alongside passive health behaviors, the broader study of face mask perceptions' outcomes beyond face mask wearing, as well as the creation of interventions to target differing face mask perceptions across genders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.