Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33051840›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2020

Are Improvements Still Needed to the Modified Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program: a Health and Retirement Study (2000-2014)?

Charleen Hsuan, Thomas M Braun, Ninez A Ponce, Geoffrey J Hoffman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Charleen HsuanDepartment of Health Policy and Administration, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. chsuan@psu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-2323
Thomas M BraunDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Ninez A PonceDepartment of Health Policy and Administration, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Geoffrey J HoffmanDepartment of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Funding

Penn State Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR002014 · NCATS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · PI KRASCHNEWSKI, JENNIFER L. · 2016 to 2025
$33.7M
Research Education CoreP30AG024824 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Neil Alexander · 2004 to 2026
$29.2M
An Examination of How an Avoided Readmission Affects Hospitals FinanciallyR03HS025838 · AHRQ · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HOFFMAN, GEOFFREY JONATHAN · 2018 to 2019
$99k
AHRQ HHS 1R03HS025838-01A1AHRQ HHS R03 HS025838NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002014NIA NIH HHS P30 AG024824NIH HHS AG024824
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo address concerns that the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) unfairly penalized safety net hospitals treating patients with high social and functional risks, Medicare recently modified HRRP to compare hospitals with similar proportions of high-risk, dual-eligible patients ("peer group hospitals"). Whether the change fully accounts for patients' social and functional risks is unknown.

objectiveExamine risk-standardized readmission rates (RSRRs) and hospital penalties after adding patient-level social and functional and community-level risk factors.

designUsing 2000-2014 Medicare hospital discharge, Health and Retirement Study, and community-level data, latent factors for patient social and functional factors and community factors were identified. We estimated RSRRs for peer groups and by safety net status using four hierarchical logistic regression models: "base" (HRRP model); "patient" (base plus patient factors); "community" (base plus community factors); and "full" (all factors). The proportion of hospitals penalized was calculated by safety net status. PATIENTS: 20,255 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries (65+) with eligible index hospitalizations MAIN MEASURES: RSRRs KEY

resultsHalf of safety net hospitals are in peer group 5. Compared with other hospitals, peer group 5 hospitals (most dual-eligibles) treated sicker, more functionally limited patients from socially disadvantaged groups. RSRRs decreased by 0.7% for peer groups 2 and 4 and 1.3% for peer group 5 under the patient and full (versus base) models. Measured performance improved after adjusting for patient risk factors for hospitals in peer group 4 and 5 hospitals, but worsened for those in peer groups 1, 2, and 3. Under the patient (versus base) model, fewer safety net hospitals (48.7% versus 51.3%) but more non-safety net hospitals (50.0% versus 49.1%) were penalized.

conclusionsPatient-level risk adjustment decreased RSRRs for hospitals serving more at-risk patients and proportion of safety net hospitals penalized, while modestly increasing RSRRs and proportion of non-safety net hospitals penalized. Results suggest HRRP modifications may not fully account for hospital variation in patient-level risk.

Indexed as

Patient ReadmissionRetirementAgedFee-for-Service PlansHumansMedicareSafety-net ProvidersUnited Statesreadmissionssafety net hospitalssocial risk

Identifiers

PMID33051840
PMCPMC7728935

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.