ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2021
Medical Multimorbidity, Mental Illness, and Substance Use Disorder among Middle-Aged and Older Justice-Involved Adults in the USA, 2015-2018.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mental health interventions for individuals with serious mental illness in the criminal legal system: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Health insurance type moderates the association between substance use disorders and cardiovascular multimorbidity among U.S. adults - Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug use and Health.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Differences in Risk of Substance Use Disorder between Age Groups among Adults with Lifetime Criminal Legal Involvement in the U.S.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2026Article
- Differences in opioid use and overdose among younger and older justice-impacted adults.Health & justice · 2025Article
- Linkages between incarceration and health for older adults.Health & justice · 2025Review
- Association between lifetime criminal legal involvement and acute healthcare utilization in middle-aged and older US adults, 2015-2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- A qualitative investigation into the effectiveness of a housing navigator program linking justice-involved clients with recovery housing.Health & justice · 2024Article
- Health Conditions and Treatment Utilization Among Older Male Veterans Incarcerated in Prisons.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Observational
- "Nothing but a rope to hang yourself:" The toll of mass supervision on mental well-being.SSM. Mental health · 2023Article
- Trends in past-month cannabis use among US adults across a range of disabilities and health conditions, 2015-2019.Preventive medicine · 2023Article
- The role of substance use in the lives of incarcerated older adults: A qualitative study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Editorial: Late-life psychopathology.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Beyond "pains" and "gains": untangling the health consequences of probation.Health & justice · 2022Article
- Types of criminal legal system exposure and polysubstance use: Prevalence and correlates among U.S. adults in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015-2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Incarcerated Older Adults in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era: A Call for Advancing Health and Human Dignity.The Public policy and aging report · 2022Review
- A scoping review of research to address older women's health during and after incarceration.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdults age ≥ 50 are among the fastest growing populations in correctional supervision and are medically underserved while experiencing unique health disparities. Community-living older adults, referred to as "justice-involved," are people who have been recently arrested, or are on probation or parole. Although medical complexity is common among incarcerated older adults, the occurrence of medical morbidity, substance use disorder (SUD), and mental illness among justice-involved older adults living in US communities is poorly understood.
objectiveTo estimate the prevalence of medical multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic medical diseases), SUDs, and mental illness among justice-involved adults age ≥ 50, and the co-occurrence of these conditions.
designCross-sectional analysis.
participantsA total of 34,898 adults age ≥ 50 from the 2015 to 2018 administrations of the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health. MAIN MEASURES: Demographic characteristics of justice-involved adults age ≥ 50 were compared with those not justice-involved. We estimated prevalence of mental illness, chronic medical diseases, and SUD among adults age ≥ 50 reporting past-year criminal justice system involvement. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of these conditions and co-occurrence of conditions, comparing justice-involved to non-justice-involved adults. KEY
resultsAn estimated 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-1.3) of adults age > 50 experienced criminal justice involvement in the past year. Compared with non-justice-involved adults, justice-involved adults were at increased odds for mental illness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.09-4.41) and SUD (aOR = 8.10, 95% CI = 6.12-10.73), but not medical multimorbidity (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.85-1.56). Justice-involved adults were also at increased odds for all combinations of the three outcomes, including having all three simultaneously (aOR = 8.56, 95% CI = 4.10-17.86).
conclusionsCommunity-based middle-aged and older adults involved in the criminal justice system are at high risk for experiencing co-occurring medical multimorbidity, mental illness, and SUD. Interventions that address all three social and medical risk factors are needed for this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.