SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Hospitalised Current Smokers and COVID-19.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences in clinical characteristics between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Tobacco smoking and severity of COVID-19: Experience from a hospital-based prospective cohort study in Lyon, France.Journal of medical virology · 2021Trial
- Long COVID and Acute Stroke in the Emergency Department: An Analysis of Presentation, Reperfusion Treatment, and Early Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Hospital Utilization in Ambulatory Patients With COVID-19 With History of Tobacco Use.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Smoking and Health Profiles of Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19: An Exploratory Study of Key Physiological Markers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The value of using COVID-19 antibody tests as a potential approach to prioritize vaccination delivery.PloS one · 2024Article
- COVID-19 admissions and mortality in patients with early inflammatory arthritis: results from a UK national cohort.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Observational
- COVID-19 infection and mortality among non-pregnant indigenous adults in Mexico 2020-2022: Impact of marginalisation.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023Review
- Effects of Smoking on COVID-19 Management and Mortality: An Umbrella Review.Journal of smoking cessation · 2023Review
- E-Cigarette Vapour Increases ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Expression in a Flavour- and Nicotine-Dependent Manner.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Influence of smoking history on the evolution of hospitalized in COVID-19 positive patients: results from the SEMI-COVID-19 registry.Medicina clinica · 2022Observational
- Influence of smoking history on the evolution of hospitalized in COVID-19 positive patients: Results from the SEMI-COVID-19 registry.Medicina clinica (English ed.) · 2022Article
- ASSOCIATION OF SMOKING AND SEVERITY OF COVID-19 INFECTION AMONG 5,889 PATIENTS IN MALAYSIA: A MULTI-CENTER OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Observational
- The incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of COVID-19 in a prospectively followed cohort of patients with Behçet's syndrome.Rheumatology international · 2022Article
- Effect modification by age of the association between obstructive lung diseases, smoking, and COVID-19 severity.BMJ open respiratory research · 2021Article
- High Perceived Susceptibility to and Severity of COVID-19 in Smokers Are Associated with Quitting-Related Behaviors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Smoking and COVID-19 in ICU Patients.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2021Article
- Chronic comorbidities and clinical outcomes in patients with and without COVID-19: a large population-based study using national administrative healthcare open data of Mexico.Internal and emergency medicine · 2021Article
- [COVID-19 and medical publications: How three articles have influenced the media and public decisions in France].La Revue de medecine interne · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus that has caused a worldwide pandemic. It produces severe acute respiratory disease (COVID-19), which is fatal in many cases, characterised by the cytokine release syndrome (CRS). According to the World Health Organization, those who smoke are likely to be more vulnerable to infection. Here, in order to clarify the epidemiologic relationship between smoking and COVID-19, we present a systematic literature review until 28th April 2020 and a meta-analysis. We included 18 recent COVID-19 clinical and epidemiological studies based on smoking patient status from 720 initial studies in China, the USA, and Italy. The percentage of hospitalised current smokers was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.9-8.4) in China, 2.3% (95% CI: 1.7-2.9) in the USA and 7.6% (95% CI: 4.2-11.0) in Italy. These percentages were compared to the smoking prevalence of each country and statistically significant differences were found in them all (
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.