ReviewAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Structural Features and PF4 Functions that Occur in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) Complicated by COVID-19.
Review in Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycosaminoglycans in tissue regeneration: Insights into glycobiology and their biomedical application.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Investigation into the binding domains of platelet factor 4 unlocks new avenues for the design and synthesis of selective sulfated pseudo-tetrasaccharide aminoglycoside ligands.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Review
- The Role of CXCL4 in Systemic Sclerosis: DAMP, Auto-Antigen and Biomarker.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Data-independent LC-MS/MS analysis of ME/CFS plasma reveals a dysregulated coagulation system, endothelial dysfunction, downregulation of complement machinery.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Chemokine Oligomers and the Impact of Fondaparinux Binding.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2024Article
- Serum Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, α 1-Acid Glycoprotein, C-Reactive Protein, and Platelet Factor 4 Levels-Promising Molecules That Can Complete the "Puzzle" of the Biochemical Milieu in Severe Burns: Preliminary Results of a Cohort Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Finding a fountain of youth in the blood.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2024Article
- Antibodies, B Cell Responses and Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infections.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular-related proteomic changes in ECFCs exposed to the serum of COVID-19 patients.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: what do we know hitherto?Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions after COVID-19 vaccination. New case reports and updated literature review.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Review
- Thrombosis after SARS-CoV2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination: will a nonpathologic anti-PF4 antibody be a solution?-A narrative review.Journal of bio-X research · 2022Review
- Anticoagulant Use During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Using Heparin and Direct Thrombin Inhibitors in COVID-19 and ARDS Patients.The journal of extra-corporeal technology · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- To clot or not to clot? Ad is the question-Insights on mechanisms related to vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2021Article
- Coagulopathies after Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 May Be Derived from a Combined Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Adenovirus Vector-Triggered Signaling Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Cerebral venous thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination: is the risk of thrombosis increased by intravascular application of the vaccine?Infection · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF4, CXCL4) is a small chemokine protein released by activated platelets. Although a major physiological function of PF4 is to promote blood coagulation, this cytokine is involved in innate and adaptive immunity in events when platelets are activated in response to infections. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have abnormal coagulation activities, and severe patients develop higher D-dimer levels. D-dimers are small protein products present in the blood after blood clots are degraded by fibrinolysis. To prevent clotting, heparin is often clinically used in COVID-19 patients. Some clinical procedures for the management of COVID-19 patients may include extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and renal replacement therapy (CRRT), which also require the use of heparin. Anti-PF4 antibodies are frequently detected in severe patients and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) can also be observed. PF4 and its role in HIT as well as in pathologies seen in COVID-19 patients define a potential therapeutic option of using blocking antibodies in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.