ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in North West Province, South Africa: A Cross Sectional Study.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Household Food Insecurity, Dietary Diversity, and Stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Household socioeconomic status, dietary diversity, and risk of stunting among South African primary school children.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Trial
- Feeding, caregiving practices, and developmental delay among children under five in lowland Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Modelling the impact of dietary diversity on child nutrition in Pakistan: a machine learning analysis with Shapley Additive exPlanations and Boruta interpretability.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Family characteristics and non-food expenditure as determinants of dietary diversity among children aged 24-59 months in Karangkamulyan Village, Banten, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2026Article
- Micronutrient Deficiency and Nutritional Status Among Indonesian Children Under Five Years of Age: Evidence from National Survey Data.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Acute Malnutrition in Under-Five Children in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Risk Factors and Implications for Dietary Quality.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Growth Patterns of HIV-Exposed and -Unexposed Infants in African Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Associations between dietary diversity and self-rated health in a transverse study of four local food systems (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Portugal and Senegal).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Iron and Vitamin A Status of Children Aged 0 to 36 Months in Thulamela Municipality, Vhembe District, South Africa.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Household food insecurity, dietary diversity with undernutrition among children younger than five years in Indian subcontinent-a narrative review.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Review
- Effect of quality and quantity of diet on nutritional status of under-five children residing in the rural area: A longitudinal study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Article
- The influence of minimum dietary diversity on undernutrition among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed-effect analysis based on 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Inadequate consumption of vitamin A-rich foods among preschool children in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Comparison of Malnutrition Indicators and Associated Socio-Demographic Factors among Children in Rural and Urban Public Primary Schools in South Africa.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Child Nutrition Outcomes and Maternal Nutrition-Related Knowledge in Rural Localities of Mbombela, South Africa.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association of Stunting with Socio-Demographic Factors and Feeding Practices among Children under Two Years in Informal Settlements in Gauteng, South Africa.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dietary Diversity, Household Food Insecurity and Stunting among Children Aged 12 to 59 Months in N'Djamena-Chad.Nutrients · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Preschool children consume diets inadequate to meet their macro and micronutrient requirements, which ultimately affect their nutritional status due to lack of dietary diversity. A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary diversity scores (DDS) and the nutritional status of 379 preschool children in North West Province of South Africa. A 24 h qualitative recall by mothers of their children's food consumption was used to calculate DDS based on 12-foods groups following Food and Agriculture Organization protocols. DDS was calculated by counting each of 12-food groups and classified as low (≤4), medium (5-8) and high (9-12). The weight and height of children were measured and height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and BMI-for-age (BAZ) z-scores were calculated based on 2006 WHO standards. Stunting, underweight and thinness were defined as HAZ, WAZ and BAZ < -2SD, respectively. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between DDS and the nutritional indicators. Mean age for children was 4 ± 0.7 years, and the prevalence of stunting (29%), underweight (13%) and thinness (6%) was observed. Mean DDS was 4.39 ± 1.55 out of 12-food groups, with a prevalence of 61% and 39% for low and medium DDS, respectively. Cereals (100%) accounted for the main food group consumed, while fish and other seafood (17%) were the least consumed. Consumption of a diversified diet was associated with lower odds of being stunted [AOR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.10 to 0.92] among the four-year olds, while in the unadjusted model, 5-year-olds had lower odds of being underweight [OR = -0.32, 95%CI: -0.57 to 0.07]. The findings of this study reinforce the importance of continued nutrition education of mothers, caregivers and preschool staff on the need to ensure consumption of diverse food sources in order to improve the nutritional status of children. Further studies are recommended on the association of DDS with the nutritional status, and factors associated with low dietary diversity among preschool children.
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