ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2020
The Utility of Grimace Scales for Practical Pain Assessment in Laboratory Animals.
Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- "Do not look at me like that": Is the facial expression score reliable and accurate to evaluate pain in large domestic animals? A systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Grimace scale, burrowing, and nest building for the assessment of post-surgical pain in mice and rats-A systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence-based automated scoring of the mouse grimace scale: a systematic review.Pain reports · 2026Review
- A Need for Societal Involvement in Promoting a Culture of Care in Animal Research.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2026Article
- Comparing training methods to promote better animal welfare outcomes for animals in the research and teaching industry.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2026Article
- Sodium hydrogen sulfide restores HInflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Preclinical perspectives on disorders of the temporomandibular joint: Tracing the past, navigating the present, and shaping the future.The journal of pain · 2025Review
- Article
- Improving pain management for murine orthotopic xenograft models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Lab animal · 2025Article
- Article
- Burrowing Behavior as Robust Parameter for Early Humane Endpoint Determination in Murine Models for Pancreatic Cancer.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- How facial expressions reveal acute pain in domestic animals with facial pain scales as a diagnostic tool.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Open Field Two-Texture Preference Testing Is Not Associated With the Neuropathic Pain-Like Phenotype That Occurs Following Mouse Cervical Contusion Spinal Cord Injury.Neuroscience insights · 2025Article
- Assessment of the quality of life of cats affected by paraparesis/paraplegia and urinary retention, and their impact on caregivers.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Refining pain management in mice by comparing multimodal analgesia and NSAID monotherapy for neurosurgical procedures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 Channels Facilitate Axonal Degeneration of Corneal Sensory Nerves in Dry Eye.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Animal Research Regulation: Improving Decision-Making and Adopting a Transparent System to Address Concerns around Approval Rate of Experiments.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Quality-of-Life Assessments in Zoo Animals: Not Just for the Aged and Charismatic.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Rat Grimace Scale as a Method to Evaluate Animal Welfare, Nociception, and Quality of the Euthanasia Method of Wistar Rats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Deep learning for video-based automated pain recognition in rabbits.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Animals' facial expressions are widely used as a readout for emotion. Scientific interest in the facial expressions of laboratory animals has centered primarily on negative experiences, such as pain, experienced as a result of scientific research procedures. Recent attempts to standardize evaluation of facial expressions associated with pain in laboratory animals has culminated in the development of "grimace scales". The prevention or relief of pain in laboratory animals is a fundamental requirement for in vivo research to satisfy community expectations. However, to date it appears that the grimace scales have not seen widespread implementation as clinical pain assessment techniques in biomedical research. In this review, we discuss some of the barriers to implementation of the scales in clinical laboratory animal medicine, progress made in automation of collection, and suggest avenues for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.