ArticleViruses2020
In Vitro Combinations of Baloxavir Acid and Other Inhibitors against Seasonal Influenza A Viruses.
Article in Viruses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Baloxavir Marboxil Plus Neuraminidase Inhibitor vs Neuraminidase Inhibitor in High-risk Patients Hospitalized With Severe Influenza: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Flagstone Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Oseltamivir aziridines are potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors and imaging agents.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of baloxavir marboxil against high pathogenicity avian influenza virus infection in duck model.PloS one · 2026Article
- A scoping review of influenza RdRp-targeting inhibitors: mechanisms, clinical translation, and emerging challenges.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Oseltamivir Against Seasonal Influenza H1N1 and the Efficacy of a Novel Combination Treatment In Vitro and In Vivo in Mouse Studies.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- High-throughput screening for identification of influenza a inhibitors using a cell-based immunofluorescence assay.Antiviral research · 2025Article
- The Synergistic Effect of Baloxavir and Neuraminidase Inhibitors against Influenza Viruses In Vitro.Viruses · 2024Article
- The real-world safety of oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil in children: a disproportionality analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Safety and effectiveness of baloxavir marboxil and oseltamivir for influenza in children: a real-world retrospective study in China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- T-705-Derived Prodrugs Show High Antiviral Efficacies against a Broad Range of Influenza A Viruses with Synergistic Effects When Combined with Oseltamivir.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Influenza Treatment: Limitations of Antiviral Therapy and Advantages of Drug Combination Therapy.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Respiratory viruses: their importance and lessons learned from COVID-19.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Article
- Influenza antivirals and animal models.FEBS open bio · 2022Review
- Preclinical and clinical developments for combination treatment of influenza.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Article
- Preparing for the 2020-2021 influenza season.Pediatric transplantation · 2021Review
- Evaluation of Small Molecule Combinations against Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Vitro.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Two antiviral classes, the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) and polymerase inhibitors (baloxavir marboxil and favipiravir) can be used to prevent and treat influenza infections during seasonal epidemics and pandemics. However, prolonged treatment may lead to the emergence of drug resistance. Therapeutic combinations constitute an alternative to prevent resistance and reduce antiviral doses. Therefore, we evaluated in vitro combinations of baloxavir acid (BXA) and other approved drugs against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) subtypes. The determination of an effective concentration inhibiting virus cytopathic effects by 50% (EC50) for each drug and combination indexes (CIs) were based on cell viability. CompuSyn software was used to determine synergism, additivity or antagonism between drugs. Combinations of BXA and NAIs or favipiravir had synergistic effects on cell viability against the two influenza A subtypes. Those effects were confirmed using a physiological and predictive ex vivo reconstructed human airway epithelium model. On the other hand, the combination of BXA and ribavirin showed mixed results. Overall, BXA stands as a good candidate for combination with several existing drugs, notably oseltamivir and favipiravir, to improve in vitro antiviral activity. These results should be considered for further animal and clinical evaluations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.