SynthesisEuropean journal of public health2021
Migration or ethnic minority status and risk of autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: systematic review.
Synthesis in European journal of public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Migration modulates the prevalence of ASD and ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Disparities in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Perinatal Risk Factors.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Health status follow-up of migrant children after arrival in France: A multicenter study in hospital outpatient clinics in the Paris region.Journal of migration and health · 2026Article
- Perceptions of autism and experiences of stigma among Somali and Eritrean immigrant parents in Norway: a qualitative study.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Proximity of Maternal Time of Immigration to Child's Birth Is Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Early Learning Delay Among Immigrant Populations in the United States: Findings From the Study to Explore Early Development.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Rate differences in referrals and diagnostic outcomes of neurodevelopmental disorders between children with native and migrant backgrounds: a retrospective cohort study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Associations of Characteristics of Parental Country of Birth with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Early Learning Delay Among Immigrant Populations in the US: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Weight status of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional analysis of primary care electronic medical records and linked health administrative datasets in Ontario, Canada.Pediatric obesity · 2025Article
- Autism and immigration, is there a link? Results from a Manitoba Study.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- Changes in the prevalence of intellectual disability among 10-year-old children in Sweden during 2011 through 2021: a total population study.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2024Article
- Bias in assessment of co-occurring mental disorder in individuals with intellectual disabilities: Theoretical perspectives and implications for clinical practice.Journal of intellectual disabilities : JOID · 2024Article
- Exploring knowledge of autism, its causes and treatment among immigrant and nonimmigrant parents in Somalia\Somaliland.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
- Intervention in autism based on Early Start Denver Model in a multiethnic immigrant setting-experiences of preschool staff involved in its implementation.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Developmental disorders among Norwegian-born children with immigrant parents.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2023Article
- Overview of Services for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and among Immigrants and Minority Groups in High-Income Countries (HICs).Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Are all children treated equally? Psychiatric care and treatment receipt among migrant, descendant and majority Swedish children: a register-based study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2022Article
- Maternal levels of acute phase proteins in early pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders in offspring.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Mental health service use among migrant and Swedish-born children and youth: a register-based cohort study of 472,129 individuals in Stockholm.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is an emerging evidence that the migration and the ethnic minority status are associated with the risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). This systematic review aimed to investigate whether associations are specific to ASD or ID; whether and which migration-related or ethnically determined factors are associated with the risk of ASD and ID; and what mechanisms may explain these risks.
methodsA systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, Medline and PsycINFO for studies reporting on the risks of ASD and/or ID among migrants, descendants of migrants and/or ethnic minorities. Risks of any ASD, ASD + ID, ASD - ID and any ID were reviewed in relation to migration and ethnic minority status, with consideration to the study quality. In addition, possible underlying mechanisms suggested in the included studies were summarized.
resultsThirty-five studies were included. The summarized evidence indicated an increased risk of ASD + ID and a decreased risk of ASD - ID in migrants, descendants of migrants and ethnic minorities. These associations appeared more pronounced among children of migrant mothers, with origin in low-income countries, and among descendants of migrants. Data on ID were scarce. Suggested mechanisms explaining the increased risks of ASD + ID included environmental factors acting in utero and genetic factors (including consanguinity), while ascertainment bias was proposed to account for the lowered risks of diagnosed ASD - ID.
conclusionMigration-related factors acting in utero and/or associated with origin in low-income countries may be important in the ASD + ID aetiology, although further confirmative studies are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.