ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2021
Microsphere antioxidant and sustained erythropoietin-R76E release functions cooperate to reduce traumatic optic neuropathy.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Line ARPE-19 Exposed to M1 Microglia Releases Proinflammatory Cytokines and Reactive Oxygen Species Through MAP-Kinase Pathway.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Non-Erythropoietic EPO (EPO-R76E) Protects RPE Cells from Ferroptosis by Modulating the Labile Iron Pool and NRF2-GPX4 Axis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Self-amplifying RNA therapy encoding CNTF with disulfiram co-delivery promotes optic nerve repair through microglial pyroptosis inhibition and RGC axonal regeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Intramuscular delivery of recombinant AAV expressing EpoR76E improves memory and is neuroprotective in 5xFAD transgenics.Research square · 2025Article
- Torsion-Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TITON): A Physiologically Relevant Animal Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Phase-targeted erythropoietin derivatives for traumatic brain injury: bridging mechanisms to precision therapy.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Torsion-Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TITON): A physiologically relevant animal model of traumatic optic neuropathy.PloS one · 2025Article
- Preparation of microspheres with sustained ketoprofen release by electrospray for the treatment of aseptic inflammation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Hybrid Shear-thinning Hydrogel Integrating Hyaluronic Acid with ROS-Responsive Nanoparticles.Advanced functional materials · 2023Article
- Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Intraocular Sustained Release of EPO-R76E Mitigates Glaucoma Pathogenesis by Activating the NRF2/ARE Pathway.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Oxidative stress in the brain and retina after traumatic injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Tunable alginate hydrogels as injectable drug delivery vehicles for optic neuropathy.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2022Article
- Erythropoietin in Optic Neuropathies: Current Future Strategies for Optic Nerve Protection and Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Traumatic optic neuropathy: a review of current studies.Neurosurgical review · 2022Review
- Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases Associated with Retinal Ganglion Cells Degeneration.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Delivery Systems of Retinoprotective Proteins in the Retina.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Oxidation-Responsive, Tunable Growth Factor Delivery from Polyelectrolyte-Coated Implants.Advanced healthcare materials · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Wild-type erythropoietin (EPO) is promising for neuroprotection, but its therapeutic use is limited because it causes a systemic rise in hematocrit. We have developed an EPO-R76E derivative that maintains neuroprotective function without effects on hematocrit, but this protein has a short half-life in vivo. Here, we compare the efficacy and carrier-induced inflammatory response of two polymeric microparticle (MP) EPO-R76E sustained release formulations based on conventional hydrolytically degradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-degradable poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS). Both MP types effectively loaded EPO-R76E and achieved sustained release, providing detectable levels of EPO-R76E at the injection site in the eye in vivo for at least 28 days. Testing in an in vitro oxidative stress assay and a mouse model of blast-induced indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (bITON) showed that PPS and PLGA MP-mediated delivery of EPO-R76E provided therapeutic protection. While unloaded PLGA MPs inherently increase levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bITON model, drug-free PPS MPs have innate antioxidant properties that provide therapeutic benefit both in vitro and in vivo. Both PLGA and PPS MPs enabled sustained release of EPO-R76E, providing therapeutic benefits including reduction in inflammation and axon degeneration, and preservation of visual function as measured by electroretinogram. The PPS-based MP platform is especially promising for further development, as the delivery system provides inherent antioxidant benefits that can be harnessed to work in complement with EPO-R76E or other drugs for neuroprotection in the setting of traumatic eye injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.