ArticleGut2021
Health outcomes of 1000 children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease in their first 5 years of life.
Article in Gut, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global and regional incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- British Society for Rheumatology guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding: immunomodulatory anti-rheumatic drugs and corticosteroids.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Guideline
- Fetal and maternal outcomes after maternal biologic use during conception and pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2022Pooled it
- The decline of 6-thioguanine nucleotides is not linked to impaired efficacy or safety of thiopurines in pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Response to vaccination and immune status after intrauterine exposure to immunomodulating drugs for maternal IBD.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Management of Pregnancy in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Positioning Janus Kinase Inhibitors Within Current Evidence.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- A Prussian Blue Nanozyme-Adjuvanted Vaccine Presenting Phosphocholine Antigens for Induction of Immunotolerance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A clinical care pathway for managing pregnancy in patients with inflammatory arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors during pregnancy and occurrence of severe infections among exposed infants in Germany.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Pregnancy With a Stoma is Feasible, Though Associated With Manageable Complications.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Article
- Thiopurines and Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pregnancies.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Navigating Reproductive Care in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2024Review
- TNF-α inhibitor use during pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia: population-based cohort study.Journal of hypertension · 2024Article
- Common Mistakes in Managing Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- IBD and Motherhood: A Journey through Conception, Pregnancy and Beyond.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Exposure to medication for neurological disease in pregnancy - time to consider the long-term implications?EClinicalMedicine · 2023Review
- Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy and breastfeeding.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Review
- Exposure to Thioguanine During 117 Pregnancies in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2023Article
- Outcomes of children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus exposed to hydroxychloroquine or azathioprine.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- The Effect of In Utero Exposure to Maternal Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Immunomodulators on Infant Immune System Development and Function.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 18 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the long-term health outcomes of children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to assess the impact of maternal IBD medication use on these outcomes.
designWe performed a multicentre retrospective study in The Netherlands. Women with IBD who gave birth between 1999 and 2018 were enrolled from 20 participating hospitals. Information regarding disease characteristics, medication use, lifestyle, pregnancy outcomes and long-term health outcomes of children was retrieved from mothers and medical charts. After consent of both parents, outcomes until 5 years were also collected from general practitioners. Our primary aim was to assess infection rate and our secondary aims were to assess adverse reactions to vaccinations, growth, autoimmune diseases and malignancies.
resultsWe included 1000 children born to 626 mothers (381 (61%) Crohn's disease, 225 (36%) ulcerative colitis and 20 (3%) IBD unclassified). In total, 196 (20%) had intrauterine exposure to anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) (60 with concomitant thiopurine) and 240 (24%) were exposed to thiopurine monotherapy. The 564 children (56%) not exposed to anti-TNF-α and/or thiopurine served as control group. There was no association between adverse long-term health outcomes and in utero exposure to IBD treatment. We did find an increased rate of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in case thiopurine was used during the pregnancy without affecting birth outcomes and long-term health outcomes of children. All outcomes correspond with the general age-adjusted population.
conclusionIn our study, we found no association between in utero exposure to anti-TNF-α and/or thiopurine and the long-term outcomes antibiotic-treated infections, severe infections needing hospital admission, adverse reactions to vaccinations, growth failure, autoimmune diseases and malignancies.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.