ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2020
Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA Editing of Alu Double-Stranded (ds)RNAs Is Markedly Decreased in Multiple Sclerosis and Unedited Alu dsRNAs Are Potent Activators of Proinflammatory Transcriptional Responses.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Induced Alterations in ADAR Editing Patterns Differ Between Patients Who Developed Critical Compared to Non-Critical COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- ADAR-mediated RNA editing in CNS disorders: from pathogenic mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- A cytoplasmic index for quantifying immune-related A-to-I RNA editing.Genome biology · 2026Article
- The Role of Non-LTR Retrotransposons in Sterile Inflammation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Deaminase Modulation Driving a New Era in Drug Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Nanoparticle Delivery of Alu RNA Adjuvants Enhances Vaccine Immunogenicity.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Exploring the Relationship of Transposable Elements and Ageing: Causes and Consequences.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Review
- Double-stranded RNA antiviral signature in early multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- NERD-seq: a novel approach of Nanopore direct RNA sequencing that expands representation of non-coding RNAs.Genome biology · 2024Article
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- Nanoparticle Delivery of Immunostimulatory Alu RNA for Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Repetitive elements in aging and neurodegeneration.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2023Review
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- Article
- Review
- Alu RNA Structural Features Modulate Immune Cell Activation and A-to-I Editing of Alu RNAs Is Diminished in Human Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Reduced RNA adenosine-to-inosine editing in hippocampus vasculature associated with Alzheimer's disease.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Cutting Edge: Reduced Adenosine-to-Inosine Editing of Endogenous Alu RNAs in Severe COVID-19 Disease.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Do Rural Second Homes Shape Commensal Microbiota of Urban Dwellers? A Pilot Study among Urban Elderly in Finland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sensors that detect dsRNA stimulate IFN responses as a defense against viral infection. IFN responses are also well documented in a variety of human autoimmune diseases, including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), in which increased IFN responses result from increased levels of double-stranded endogenous Alu RNAs. Mechanisms underlying increases in double-stranded Alu RNAs in MS are obscure. We find widespread loss of adenosine-to-inosine editing of Alu RNAs in MS. Unedited Alu RNAs are potent activators of both IFN and NF-κB responses via the dsRNA sensors, RIG-I, and TLR3. Minor editing of highly active Alu elements abrogates the ability to activate both transcriptional responses. Thus, adenosine-to-inosine editing may also represent an important defense against autoimmune diseases such as MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.