ArticleBMC veterinary research2020
Risk factors for the incursion, spread and persistence of the foot and mouth disease virus in Eastern Rwanda.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serological Detection of O-Type and A-Type Antibodies Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Tongliao City, 2021-2022.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- Evaluation of cattle farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in Rwanda.PloS one · 2024Article
- Unveiling the spatial distribution and transboundary pathways of FMD serotype O in Western China and its bordering countries.PloS one · 2024Article
- A unified Foot and Mouth Disease dataset for Uganda: evaluating machine learning predictive performance degradation under varying distributions.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of foot and mouth disease incidence: an ecological, cross-sectional study across Iran using spatial modeling.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of smallholder farmers on foot-and-mouth disease in Cattle in West Kazakhstan.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
- The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Investigation of foot and mouth disease virus and other animal pathogens in cattle, buffaloes and goats at the interface with Akagera National Park 2017 - 2020.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Assessment of foot-and-mouth disease risk areas in mainland China based spatial multi-criteria decision analysis.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- Occurrence, diversity and distribution of Trypanosoma infections in cattle around the Akagera National Park, Rwanda.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- An update on the distribution of Glossina (tsetse flies) at the wildlife-human-livestock interface of Akagera National Park, Rwanda.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIdentification of risk factors is crucial in Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control especially in endemic countries. In Rwanda, almost all outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) have started in Eastern Rwanda. Identifying the risk factors in this area will support government control efforts. This study was carried out to identify and map different risk factors for the incursion, spread and persistence of FMDV in Eastern Rwanda. Questionnaires were administered during farm visits to establish risk factors for FMD outbreaks. Descriptive statistical measures were determined and odds ratios were calculated to determine the effects of risk factors on the occurrence of FMD. Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) was used to produce thematic maps on the proportion of putative risk factors for FMD per village.
resultsBased on farmers' perceptions, 85.31% (with p < 0.01) experienced more outbreaks during the major dry season, a finding consistent with other reports in other parts of the world. Univariate analysis revealed that mixed farming (OR = 1.501, p = 0.163, CI = 95%), and natural breeding method (OR = 1.626; p = 0.21, CI = 95%) were associated with the occurrence of FMD indicating that the two risk factors could be responsible for FMD outbreaks in the farms. The occurrence of FMD in the farms was found to be significantly associated with lack of vaccination of calves younger than 12 months in herds (OR = 0.707; p = 0.046, CI = 95%).
conclusionsThis is the first study to describe risk factors for persistence of FMDV in livestock systems in Rwanda. However, further studies are required to understand the role of transboundary animal movements and genotypic profiles of circulating FMDV in farming systems in Rwanda.
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