ReviewEnvironmental research2021
Assessment of socioeconomic inequality based on virus-contaminated water usage in developing countries: A review.
Review in Environmental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation.Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Spatial and seasonal dynamics of aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish communities in relation to water quality variation in the Nile Valley, Egypt.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessing the global burden of acute viral hepatitis in the elderly: a comprehensive analysis of data from the GBD 2021 database.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Water quality index and human health risk analysis in urban drinking water sources.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Estimating wastewater concentrations of norovirus and rotavirus from global data on community-level infection prevalence and viral shedding.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Water Pollution Assessment and Community Perception of Major Rivers in Ghana.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Investigating the association between groundwater contaminants and hypertension risk in India: a machine learning-based analysis.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Household drinking water management practices in urban and rural households in Dschang City, Cameroon.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Advanced Liquid-Entrapped Nanosurfaces for Optimized Atmospheric Water Harvesting.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Microbial Water Quality at the Point of Use: The Role of Socio-Economic Factors and Water Handling Practices in Kitwe District, Zambia.Environmental health insights · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluation of drinking water quality and associated health risks in Adama City, Ethiopia.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal Toxicity in Freshwater Canals in Egypt Using Creeping Water Bugs (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Rotavirus in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health insights · 2024Review
- Review
- Investigation of Human and Animal Viruses in Water Matrices from a Rural Area in Southeastern Region of Brazil and Their Potential Use as Microbial Source-Tracking Markers.Food and environmental virology · 2023Article
- Analysing the interplay of environmental virology, public health, and sanitation: a comprehensive review from a Kenyan perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- A safe haven of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Prevalence and potential transmission risks in the effluent, sludge, and biosolids.Geoscience frontiers · 2022Article
- Treatment technologies for bakers' yeast production wastewater.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Water is an essential resource required for various human activities such as drinking, cooking, and other recreational activities. While developed nations have made significant improvement in providing adequate quality water and sanitation devoid of virus contaminations to a significant percentage of the residences, many of the developing countries are still lacking in these regards, leading to many death cases among the vulnerable due to ingestion of virus-contaminated water and other waterborne pathogens. However, the recent global pandemic of COVID-19 seems to have changed the paradigm by reawakening the importance of water quality and sanitation, and focusing more attention on the pervasive effect of the use of virus-contaminated water as it can be a potential driver for the spread of the virus and other waterborne diseases, especially in developing nations that are characterized by low socioeconomic development. Therefore, this review assessed the socioeconomic inequalities related to the usage of virus-contaminated water and other waterborne pathogens in developing countries. The socioeconomic factors attributed to the various waterborne diseases due to the use of virus-contaminated water in many developing countries are poverty, the standard of living, access to health care facilities, age, gender, and level of education. Some mitigation strategies to address the viral contamination of water sources are therefore proposed, while future scope and recommendations on tackling the essential issues related to socioeconomic inequality in developing nations are highlighted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.