Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33045075›Full record

ReviewClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021

The Household Secondary Attack Rate of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Rapid Review.

Hannah F Fung, Leonardo Martinez, Fernando Alarid-Escudero, Joshua A Salomon, David M Studdert, Jason R Andrews, Jeremy D Goldhaber-Fiebert, Stanford-CIDE Coronavirus Simulation Model (SC-COSMO) Modeling Group

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. The role of children in household transmission of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022
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  17. Household secondary attack rate in mild COVID-19.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023
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10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hannah F FungDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Leonardo MartinezDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0954-8489
Fernando Alarid-EscuderoDrug Policy Program, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
Joshua A SalomonStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
David M StuddertStanford Law School and Stanford Health Policy and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Jason R AndrewsDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Jeremy D Goldhaber-FiebertCenter for Health Policy and the Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Stanford-CIDE Coronavirus Simulation Model (SC-COSMO) Modeling Group

Funding

Making Better Decisions: Policy Modeling for AIDS and Drug AbuseR37DA015612 · NIDA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DOUGLAS K OWENS · 2019 to 2026
$6.3M
NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA015612NIH HHS R37DA015612
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough much of the public health effort to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has focused on disease control strategies in public settings, transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within households remains an important problem. The nature and determinants of household transmission are poorly understood.

methodsTo address this gap, we gathered and analyzed data from 22 published and prepublished studies from 10 countries (20 291 household contacts) that were available through 2 September 2020. Our goal was to combine estimates of the SARS-CoV-2 household secondary attack rate (SAR) and to explore variation in estimates of the household SAR.

resultsThe overall pooled random-effects estimate of the household SAR was 17.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.7-21.2%). In study-level, random-effects meta-regressions stratified by testing frequency (1 test, 2 tests, >2 tests), SAR estimates were 9.2% (95% CI, 6.7-12.3%), 17.5% (95% CI, 13.9-21.8%), and 21.3% (95% CI, 13.8-31.3%), respectively. Household SARs tended to be higher among older adult contacts and among contacts of symptomatic cases.

conclusionsThese findings suggest that SARs reported using a single follow-up test may be underestimated, and that testing household contacts of COVID-19 cases on multiple occasions may increase the yield for identifying secondary cases.

Indexed as

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2AgedFamily CharacteristicsHumansIncidenceMotivationhousehold transmissionSARS-CoV-2secondary attacktesting frequency

Identifiers

PMID33045075
PMCPMC7665336

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.