ReviewInternational ophthalmology2021
Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medications during pregnancy: current perspective.
Review in International ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a case series and systematic review of the literature.Eye (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Management of uveitic and chorioretinal conditions in pregnancy.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Effect of Adjuvant Conbercept on Patients with Macular Edema Induced by Diabetic Retinopathy and Retinal Vein Occlusion Undergoing Laser Treatment: Impact on Symptom Improvement.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Recommendations for diabetic macular edema management by retina specialists and large language model-based artificial intelligence platforms.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between Obstetric Complications and Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents or Intravitreal Corticosteroids.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Idiopathic combined retinal vessels occlusion in a pregnant woman: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2022Article
- Potential safety signal of pregnancy loss with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor intraocular injection: A disproportionality analysis using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAnti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) medications are widely used for treatment of a number of vitreoretinal disorders. However, the evidence for their effect on fetal and maternal health during pregnancy is very limited. The goal of this article is to accumulate evidence for the indications of anti-VEGF medications during pregnancy and their effects on maternal and fetal health.
methodsReview of literature regarding anti-VEGF administration during pregnancy and using PubMed database without language or date limit.
resultsThe main indications for treatment with intravitreal anti-VEGF medications include choroidal neovascularization (CNV) followed by retinal vascular occlusion (RVO) and complications of diabetes such as neovascular glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Among anti-VEGF medications, only ranibizumab and bevacizumab have been used during pregnancy with latter by far more than the former.
conclusionWomen of childbearing age should be consulted regarding the potential adverse effects of anti-VEGF medications on fetal health and the risk of early pregnancy loss. They should be strongly encouraged to use appropriate contraceptive methods during treatment. A timely obstetrics consultation may help in this situation. Attempt for pregnancy should be withheld for at least 3 months following last injection of ranibizumab and aflibercept, and for at least 6 months following last injection of bevacizumab.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.