Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33043867›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2020

Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a lack of pollinators.

J R Reilly, D R Artz, D Biddinger, K Bobiwash, N K Boyle, C Brittain, J Brokaw, J W Campbell, J Daniels, E Elle and 21 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
89citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
68.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

89 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 353 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Seed mixes of intermediate grass:forb ratio create vegetation of greater ecosystem service provision in restorations.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Using the Solitary PollinatorEcology and evolution · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
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  11. The Role of theLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Ecologically informed solar enables a sustainable energy transition in US croplands.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article

29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors at 16 institutions in 3 countries.

J R ReillyDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
D R ArtzUSDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
D BiddingerDepartment of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA 17307, USA.
K BobiwashDepartment of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A1S6 Canada.
N K BoyleUSDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
C BrittainDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J BrokawDepartment of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA.
J W CampbellDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
J DanielsDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
E ElleDepartment of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A1S6 Canada.
J D EllisDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
S J FleischerDepartment of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
J GibbsDepartment of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada.
R L GillespieAgriculture and Natural Resource Program, Wenatchee Valley College, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA.
K B GundersenDepartment of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
L GutDepartment of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
G HoffmanDepartment of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
N JoshiDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
O LundinDepartment of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
K MasonDepartment of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
C M McGradyDepartment of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
S S PetersonAgPollen, 14540 Claribel Road, Waterford, CA 95386, USA.
T L Pitts-SingerUSDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
S RaoDepartment of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA.
N RothwellNorthwest Michigan Horticultural Research Center, Michigan State University, Traverse City, MI 49684, USA.
L RoweDepartment of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
K L WardDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
N M WilliamsDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J K WilsonDepartment of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
R IsaacsDepartment of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
R WinfreeDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Michigan State University · USAgricultural Research Service · USPennsylvania State University · USRutgers, The State University of New Jersey · USSimon Fraser University · CAUniversity of California, Davis · USUniversity of Minnesota · USFlorida Museum of Natural History · USNational Park Service · USNorth Carolina State University · USOregon State University · USSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences · SEUniversity of Arkansas at Fayetteville · USUniversity of Florida · USUniversity of Manitoba · CAWenatchee Valley College · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most of the world's crops depend on pollinators, so declines in both managed and wild bees raise concerns about food security. However, the degree to which insect pollination is actually limiting current crop production is poorly understood, as is the role of wild species (as opposed to managed honeybees) in pollinating crops, particularly in intensive production areas. We established a nationwide study to assess the extent of pollinator limitation in seven crops at 131 locations situated across major crop-producing areas of the USA. We found that five out of seven crops showed evidence of pollinator limitation. Wild bees and honeybees provided comparable amounts of pollination for most crops, even in agriculturally intensive regions. We estimated the nationwide annual production value of wild pollinators to the seven crops we studied at over $1.5 billion; the value of wild bee pollination of all pollinator-dependent crops would be much greater. Our findings show that pollinator declines could translate directly into decreased yields or production for most of the crops studied, and that wild species contribute substantially to pollination of most study crops in major crop-producing regions.

Indexed as

AgricultureCrops, AgriculturalPollinationAnimalsBeesFood SupplyUnited Statescrop yieldeconomic valueecosystem serviceshoneybeepollination limitationwild bees

Identifiers

PMID33043867
PMCPMC7423660
OpenAlexW3046206491

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.