ReviewGut microbes2020
The early life education of the immune system: Moms, microbes and (missed) opportunities.
Review in Gut microbes, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota in children - a systematic review.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Pooled it
- Early-life animal and farming exposures and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: findings from the E3N French cohort study.RMD open · 2025Trial
- From animal models to NAMs: a paradigm shift in developmental immunotoxicity testing.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Oral iron-induced stunting is associated with increased Christensenella abundance in a piglet model for human infants.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Fate mapping reveals a prenatal-to-neonatal wave of ILC2s with a history of Cd3g expression.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Pediatric respiratory co-infection and immunologic response: peds recon study protocol.Pediatric research · 2026Observational
- Article
- Mapping Infant Immunity with Minimal Input: Integrative Single-cell and Multiomic Profiling.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Development of a pediatric immune cell atlas and characterization of CD4+ T cells in food allergy.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Review
- [Research progress on the multidimensional regulation of gut microbiota on metabolism, immunity, and inflammatory response in metabolic associated fatty liver disease].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Lactic acid bacteria isolated from mammalian feces exhibit distinct diversity and probiotic traits.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Maternal gut microbial legacy shapes intestinal health and susceptibility of offspring to colitis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Off to a good start: current gaps and priorities in early-life microbiome research.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Advanced maternal age and childhood allergy: marker or mechanism?Frontiers in allergy · 2026Article
- HIDmap: a physiology-based map of human immune system development to support animal-free research and regulatory innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The hallmarks of host-microbiome decoupling.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Seven-Year Surveillance and AI-Based Forecasting of Antimicrobial Resistance in PediatricInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Case Report: Transient immune dysregulation in early infancy mimicking severe systemic autoimmunity with complete spontaneous resolution.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The immune system as a guardian of health: micronutrient support and lifelong protection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Effect of perinatal ampicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate exposure on maternal and infant gut microbiome, metabolome, and infant responses to the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.Gut microbes reports · 2026Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The early life immune system is characterized by unique developmental milestones. Functionally diverse immune cells arise from distinct waves of hematopoietic stem cells, a phenomenon referred to as 'layered' immunity. This stratified development of immune cells extends to lineages of both innate and adaptive cells. The defined time window for the development of these immune cells lends itself to the influence of specific exposures typical of the early life period. The perinatal immune system develops in a relatively sterile fetal environment but emerges into one filled with a multitude of antigenic encounters. A major burden of this comes in the form of the microbiota that is being newly established at mucosal surfaces of the newborn. Accumulating evidence suggests that early life microbial exposures, including those arising
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.