ArticleJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA2020
Determining sample size and length of follow-up for smartphone-based digital phenotyping studies.
Article in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Relation Between Passively Collected GPS Mobility Metrics and Depressive Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Promoting Self-Regulated Social Media Use on Smartphones With a Mobile Intervention App (Wellspent): Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Trial
- A pilot randomized controlled trial of transdiagnostic network-informed personalized treatment for eating disorders versus enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy.The International journal of eating disorders · 2023Trial
- Wearable-Based Assessment for Relapse Prediction Following Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: Protocol for a Feasibility Study (WARN-D Study).JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Digital Phenotyping in Health Research: Scoping Review of Methods, Gaps, and Opportunities.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Real-Time Smartphone Monitoring Assessments as a Cognitive Biomarker of Alzheimer Disease: Protocol for a Development Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Understanding the game experiences and mental health of youth: protocol for the Game-in-Action Quebec cohort study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Smartphone Technology to Enhance Personalized Assessment and Treatment for Eating Disorders.The International journal of eating disorders · 2025Review
- Article
- Digital health monitoring for adults with treatment-resistant depression: Observational feasibility study protocol.PloS one · 2025Article
- Detecting adolescent depression through passive monitoring of linguistic markers in smartphone communication.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024Article
- Examining Associations Between Smartphone Use and Clinical Severity in Frontotemporal Dementia: Proof-of-Concept Study.JMIR aging · 2024Article
- A collaborative realist review of remote measurement technologies for depression in young people.Nature human behaviour · 2024Review
- Exploring relationships between social media use, online exposure to drug-related content, and youth substance use in real time: a pilot ecological momentary assessment study in a clinical sample of adolescents and young adults.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Pain Intervention & Digital Research Program: an operational report on combining digital research with outpatient chronic disease management.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Digital Phenotyping for Monitoring and Disease Trajectory Prediction of Patients With Cancer: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Feedback based on experience sampling data: Examples of current approaches and considerations for future research.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Piloting Smartphone Digital Phenotyping to Understand Problematic Internet Use in an Adolescent and Young Adult Sample.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Article
- Increasing the value of digital phenotyping through reducing missingness: a retrospective review and analysis of prior studies.BMJ mental health · 2023Article
- Enrollment and Retention of Participants in Remote Digital Health Studies: Scoping Review and Framework Proposal.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveStudies that use patient smartphones to collect ecological momentary assessment and sensor data, an approach frequently referred to as digital phenotyping, have increased in popularity in recent years. There is a lack of formal guidelines for the design of new digital phenotyping studies so that they are powered to detect both population-level longitudinal associations as well as individual-level change points in multivariate time series. In particular, determining the appropriate balance of sample size relative to the targeted duration of follow-up is a challenge. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe used data from 2 prior smartphone-based digital phenotyping studies to provide reasonable ranges of effect size and parameters. We considered likelihood ratio tests for generalized linear mixed models as well as for change point detection of individual-level multivariate time series.
resultsWe propose a joint procedure for sequentially calculating first an appropriate length of follow-up and then a necessary minimum sample size required to provide adequate power. In addition, we developed an accompanying accessible sample size and power calculator. DISCUSSION: The 2-parameter problem of identifying both an appropriate sample size and duration of follow-up for a longitudinal study requires the simultaneous consideration of 2 analysis methods during study design.
conclusionThe temporally dense longitudinal data collected by digital phenotyping studies may warrant a variety of applicable analysis choices. Our use of generalized linear mixed models as well as change point detection to guide sample size and study duration calculations provide a tool to effectively power new digital phenotyping studies.
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