ArticleEClinicalMedicine2020
Norovirus-specific immunoglobulin A in breast milk for protection against norovirus-associated diarrhea among infants.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of breastfeeding with maternal and child health outcomes: umbrella review.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Environmental Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Biomarkers for Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Umbrella Review of the Evidence.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of Adverse Events and Vaccine Related Antibodies in Mother-Infant Dyads.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Serum IgA proteomics reveals clonal composition and neutralization of dimeric and monomeric IgA repertoires against human norovirus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- IgA is necessary and sufficient to prevent norovirus infection in mice.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Transfer of breast milk IgA to infants after oral bivalent norovirus vaccination of post-partum women.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Norovirus Immunity: Implications for Vaccine Design.Annual review of pathology · 2026Review
- Current Perspectives and Future Directions in the Immunogenicity Landscape of Norovirus Vaccines.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Pregnancy and lactation induce distinct immune responses to COVID-19 booster vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Article
- Breast milk delivery of an engineered dimeric IgA protects neonates against rotavirus.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Norovirus-associated diarrhea and asymptomatic infection in children aged under 4 years: a community-cohort study in the Philippines.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Intestinal mucus: the unsung hero in the battle against viral gastroenteritis.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- The Lack of an Association of Breastfeeding with the Development of Childhood Intussusception: A Nationwide Birth Cohort Survey in Japan.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2024Article
- Antibodies in breast milk: Pro-bodies designed for healthy newborn development.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Metabolic immaturity and breastmilk bile acid metabolites are central determinants of heightened newborn vulnerability to norovirus diarrhea.Cell host & microbe · 2024Article
- Norovirus Epidemiology and Genotype Circulation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil, 2019-2022.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Norovirus-Associated Gastroenteritis Vesikari Score and Pre-Existing Salivary IgA in Young Children from Rural South Africa.Viruses · 2023Article
- Article
- Immunogenicity and Blocking Efficacy of Norovirus GII.4 Recombinant P Protein Vaccine.Vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNorovirus (NV) causes acute gastroenteritis in infants. Humoral and fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses have been correlated with protection against NV; however, the role of breast milk IgA against NV infection and associated diarrhea is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of NV-specific IgA (NV-IgA) in breast milk.
methodsNinety-five breast milk samples collected from mothers enrolled in a 2016-2017 Peruvian birth cohort study were tested for total IgA and NV-IgA by ELISA using GII·4 variants and non-GII·4 genotype virus-like particles (VLPs). Breast milk samples were grouped according to the NV infection and diarrheal status of infants: NV positive with diarrhea (NV+D+, n=18); NV positive without diarrhea (NV+D-, n=37); and NV negative without diarrhea (NV-D-, n=40). The percent positivity and titer of NV-IgA were compared among groups. The cross-reactivity was estimated based on the correlation of ratio between NV-IgA against GII·4 variants and non-GII·4 genotype VLPs.
findingsNV-IgA had high positivity rates against different VLPs, especially against GII (89-100%). The NV+D- group had higher percent positivity (89% vs. 61%, p=0·03) and median titer (1:100 vs 1:50, p=0·03) of NV-IgA than the NV+D+ group against GI·1 VLPs. A relatively high correlation between different GII·4 variants (0·87) and low correlation between genogroups (0·23-0·37) were observed.
interpretationMothers with high positivity rates and titers of NV-IgA in breast milk had NV infected infants with reduced diarrheal symptoms. Antigenic relatedness to the genetic diversity of human norovirus was suggested.Funding National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health: 1R01AI108695-01A1 and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Fostering Joint International Research B):19KK0241.
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