ArticleMovement disorders clinical practice2020
Anticholinergics May Carry Significant Cognitive and Gait Burden in Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urologic Symptom Management in Parkinson's Disease - Current Treatments and Emerging Directions - Systematic Review.Current urology reports · 2025Pooled it
- Development of the Swedish anticholinergic burden scale (Swe-ABS).BMC geriatrics · 2023Pooled it
- The Landscape of Parkinson's Disease Treatment in India: A National Cross-Sectional Survey of Clinical Practitioners.Journal of movement disorders · 2026Article
- Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegeneration: Strategies for Restoring Cellular Homeostasis.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Psychiatric Comorbidities in Parkinson's Disease: A Moroccan Perspective on Anxiety and Depression.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Travel distance may have a negative impact on the outcome of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pharmacotherapy in Early Parkinson's Disease: A Pragmatic Approach.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2025Article
- Management of freezing of gait - mechanism-based practical recommendations.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Repurposing the Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Patent and Clinical Trials.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Impact of the Anticholinergic Burden on Disease-Specific Symptoms in Parkinsonian Syndromes.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Cholinergic basal forebrain system degeneration underlies postural instability/gait difficulty and attention impairment in Parkinson's disease.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- The Impact of Polypharmacy on Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.Drugs & aging · 2023Review
- Predicting Ambulatory Capacity in Parkinson's Disease to Analyze Progression, Biomarkers, and Trial Design.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2023Observational
- Screening and Targeting Risk Factors for Prodromal Synucleinopathy: Taking Steps toward a Prescriptive Multi-modal Framework.Aging and disease · 2023Review
- Recommendations for a paradigm shift in approach to increase the recognition and treatment of sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2023Review
- Pharmacological Treatment of Tremor in Parkinson's Disease Revisited.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Review
- Polymeric nanoparticles for dopamine and levodopa replacement in Parkinson's disease.Nanoscale advances · 2022Review
- Anticholinergic Burden, Polypharmacy, and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2022Observational
- Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides (ApoAI MP) improve oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in Parkinson's disease mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Anticholinergic Medication Burden in Parkinson's Disease Outpatients.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnticholinergic drugs are associated with significant cognitive and other adverse events in older adults, including those with Parkinson's disease (PD). Anticholinergic effects are considered lesser in younger individuals and the burden and outcomes in younger patients with PD are unknown.
objectivesTo determine the cumulative anticholinergic burden in a cohort of younger of patients with PD and to correlate the same with cognitive impairment and freezing of gait (FOG).
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to identify the cumulative anticholinergic burden from medications prescribed to patients with PD. Two standard scales, the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale and the ACB score, were used to calculate the anticholinergic burden from prescriptions. We identified commonly prescribed drugs contributing to anticholinergic effects and correlated the cumulative ACB score with cognitive impairment (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale item 1.1) and FOG (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale items 2.13 and 3.11).
resultsWe recruited 287 patients with PD (68.9% male) with a mean age of 56.9 ± 11.8 years and a duration of symptoms 6.3 ± 6.9 years. Median ACB score was 4 (range 0-12). A total of 164 (58.4%) patients had total ACB score > 3. ACB score > 3 was independently associated with cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-4.53;
conclusionPatients with PD are exposed to significant anticholinergic burden from drugs prescribed for PD and non-PD indications. Higher anticholinergic burden is associated with cognitive impairment and FOG even in younger patients with PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.