Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33042576›Full record

ArticleResearch involvement and engagement2020

Researchers, patients, and other stakeholders' perspectives on challenges to and strategies for engagement.

Andrea Heckert, Laura P Forsythe, Kristin L Carman, Lori Frank, Rachel Hemphill, Emily A Elstad, Laura Esmail, Julie Kennedy Lesch

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Research involvement and engagement, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
18.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Patients as Co-Researchers in Oncology: A Qualitative Exploration of Participatory Governance.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
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  12. Consumer Engagement in Chronic Conditions Research: An Integrated Framework Informed by Recognition Theory.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
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  16. Review
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7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Andrea HeckertPresent Address, Independent Consultant, Portland, OR USA.
Laura P ForsytheEvaluation & Analysis, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, 1828 L St NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20036 USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2280-992X
Kristin L CarmanPublic and Patient Engagement, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
Lori FrankRAND, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
Rachel HemphillEvaluation & Analysis, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, 1828 L St NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
Emily A ElstadAmerican Institutes for Research, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA.
Laura EsmailPresent Address, Independent Consultant, Paris, France.
Julie Kennedy LeschPublic and Patient Engagement, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute · USAmerican Institutes for Research · USRAND Corporation · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is growing interest in patient and stakeholder engagement in research, yet limited evidence about effective methods. Since 2012, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) has funded patient-centered comparative effectiveness research with a requirement for engaging patients and other stakeholders as research partners in study planning, conduct, and dissemination. This requirement, unique among large healthcare research funders in the US, provides an opportunity to learn about challenges encountered and specific strategies used by PCORI-funded study teams. The primary objective of this study is to describe -- from the perspective of PCORI investigators and research partners-the most common engagement challenges encountered in the first two years of the projects and promising strategies to prevent and overcome these challenges.

methodsDescriptive information about investigators, partners, and their engagement was collected from investigators via annual (

resultsInvestigators and partners most often described engagement challenges in three domains: (1) infrastructure to support engagement, (2) building relationships, and (3) maintaining relationships. Infrastructure challenges related to financial and human resources, including funding support and dedicated staff, identifying diverse groups of partners, and partners' logistical needs. Challenges for both building and maintaining relationships encompass a variety of aspects of authentic, positive interactions that facilitate mutual understanding, full participation, and genuine influence on the projects. Strategies to prevent or mitigate engagement challenges also corresponded overall to the same three domains. Both groups typically described strategies more generally, with applicability to a range of challenges rather than specific actions to address only particular challenges.

conclusionMeaningful engagement of patients and other stakeholders comes with challenges, as does any innovation in the research process. The challenges and promising practices identified by these investigators and partners, related to engagement infrastructure and the building and maintenance of relationships, reveal actionable areas to improve engagement, including organizational policies and resources, training, new engagement models, and supporting engagement by viewing it as an investment in research uptake and impact.

Indexed as

Comparative effectiveness researchEngagement challengesEngagement strategiesPatient-centered researchPatient engagementPatient participationStakeholder engagementStakeholder participation

Identifiers

PMID33042576
PMCPMC7539495
OpenAlexW3091780519

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.